PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS BIT TERFORTIFIKASI FESO4 INSTAN (JUS BEEFE) DALAM MENANGGULANGI ANEMIA ATLET REMAJA PUTRI
Article Sidebar
Accepted
2 February 2021
Published
7 February 2022
Keywords:
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beetroot, Fe, female athletes, hemoglobin, malondialdehyde, VO2 max
Abstract
Prolonged physical exercise has the risk of increasing free radicals which will affect the breakdown of red blood cells and promote the risk of decreased hemoglobin. Adolescent female athletes have a risk of decreasing hemoglobin due to menstruation. This situation can get worse if the athletes have iron defi-ciency or anemia as the result of poor diet choice. Increased radicals and anemia affect the amount of oxygen carried to the tissues and the maximum volume of oxygen an individual can use to produce energy (VO2 max). Beets have benefits for athlete's performance and have been developed into an instant drink. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an instant FeSO4 fortified beet juice (BeeFe juice) in overcoming anemia on female adolescent athletes. This research using an experimental study with controlled trial pre-posttest design. Twenty-nine adolescent female athletes, aged 13-19 years, were divided into two groups. Fe tablet supplementation (containing Fe 60 mg) was given to 15 athletes in the control group and BeeFe juice (containing Fe 17 mg) was given to 14 athletes in the treatment group du-ring the luteal and menstruation phase (±14 days). Hemoglobin levels, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and maxi-mal oxygen volume (VO2 max) were examined before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test IBM SPSS version 22. This research has obtained Ethical Appro-val with number KE/FK/0633/EC/2018 from the Ethical Commission of FKKMK UGM. The results showed no significant difference between the group given Fe tablets and the group given BeeFe juice on hemo-globin levels (P>0.05), MDA levels (P>0.05), and VO2 max levels (P>0.05) in the menstrual and luteal phases of menstruation. It can be concluded that BeeFe juice has the same effectiveness as commercial Fe tablets. BeeFe juice can be an alternative food ingredient in iron supplementation.
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Moozavizademonir. 2011. Effect of one period of training on hemoglobin, hematocrit, and RBC of athlete girls. Ann Biol Res 2: 642-644
Orimadegun BE, Awolude OA, Agbedana EO. 2019. Markers of lipid and protein peroxidation among Nigerian university students with dysmenor-rhea. Niger J Clin Pract 22: 174-180. DOI: 10.4 103/njcp.njcp_279_18.
Pacho´n H, Spohrer R, Mei Z, Serdula MK. 2015. Evidence of the effectiveness of flour fortifica-tion programs on iron status and anemia: A systematic review. Nutr Rev 73: 780-795. DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv037.
Palacios G, Pedrero-Chamizo R, Palacios N, Maroto-Sánchez B, Aznar S, González-Gross M. 2015. Biomarkers of physical activity and exercise. Nutr Hosp 31: 237-244. DOI: 10.3305/ nh.2015.31.sup3.8771.
Penggalih MHST, Pratiwi D, Fitria F, Sari MDP, Narruti NH, Winata IN, Fatimah, Kusumawati MD. 2016. Identifikasi somatotype, status gizi, dan dietary atlet remaja stop and go sports. J Kesehatan Masyarakat 11: 96-106. DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v11i2.4495.
Pingitore A, Lima GPP, Mastorci F, Quinones A, Iervasi G, Vassalle C. 2015. Exercise and oxidative stress: Potential effects of antioxidant dietary strategies in sports. Nutrition 31: 916-922. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.02.005.
Pramuková B, Szabadosová V, Šoltésová A. 2011. Current knowledge about sports nutri-tion. Australas Med J 4: 107-110. DOI: 10.40 66/AMJ.2011.520
Rahmawati F. 2017. Pengembangan Produk Bit (Beta vulgaris L.) sebagai Minuman yang Difortifikasi FeSO4 untuk Performa Endurance Atlet: Kajian Sifat Fisikokimia dan Organoleptik. [Skripsi]. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran, Ke-sehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Univer-sitas Gadjah Mada.
Riswanda J. 2017. Hubungan asupan zat besi dan inhibitornya sebagai prediktor kadar hemo-globin ibu hamil di Kabupaten Muara Enim. Biota 3: 83-89. DOI: 10.19109/Biota.v3i2.1319.
Ropitasari, Safitri I. 2015. Hubungan anemia dengan tingkat dismenore. Indonesian J Educ Midwifery Care 2: 27-31. DOI: 10.24198/ijemc.v2i2.27.
Safitri I, Dieny FF. 2015. Pengaruh sari umbi bit (Beta Vulagaris) terhadap vo2max atlet sepak Bola. J Nutr Collage 4: 202-210. DOI: 10.147 10/jnc.v4i2.10066.
Santamaria P. 2006. Nitrate in vegetables: Toxicity, content, intake and EC regulation. J Food Sci Agric 86: 10-17. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.2351.
Sastroasmoro Su, Ismael S. 2011. Dasar-dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis Edisi ke-4. 359. Sagung Seto, Jakarta.
Schlemmer U, Frølich W, Prieto RM, Grases F. 2009. Phytate in foods and significance for humans: food sources, intake, processing, bioavailability, protective role and analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 53: S330-S375. DOI: 10.1002/ mnfr.200900099.
Sinaga RN, Harahap NS, Sari RM. 2017. The effect of Iron Supplying on VO2 MAX and haemato-logy parameter on menstrual woman. Interna-tional Conference on Innovation in Education, Science and Culture (ICIESC-2017) 8–9 November 2017, Medan, Indonesia. J Phys: Conf Ser 970: 012014. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/970/1/012014.
Simmons E, Fluckey JD, Riechman SE. 2016. Cumulative muscle protein synthesis and pro-tein intake requirements. Annual Review of Nutrition 36: 17-43. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071813-105549.
Sholicha CA, Muniroh L. 2019. Hubungan asupan zat besi, protein, vitamin C dan pola menstruasi dengan kadar hemoglobin pada remaja putri di SMAN 1 Manyar Gresik, Media Gizi Indonesia 14: 147-153. DOI: 10.20473/mgi.v14i2.147-153.
Thomas DT, Erdman KA, Burke LM. 2016. Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics, dietitians of canada, and the american college of sports medicine: Nutrition and athletic performance. J Acad Nutr Diet 116: 501-528. DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.12.006.
Utama TA, Listiana N, Susanti D. 2013. Perban-dingan zat besi dengan dan tanpa vitamin C terhadap kadar hemoglobin wanita usia subur. J Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional 7: 344-348. DOI: 10.21109/kesmas.v7i8.19.
Vanhatalo A, Bailey SJ, Blackwell JR, DiMenna FJ, Pavey TG, Wilkerson DP, Benjamin N, Winyard PG, Jones AM. 2010. Acute and chronic effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on blood pressure and the physiological responses to moderate-intensity and incremental exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 299: R1121-1131. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00206.20 10.
Warrington S, Porter JB. 2010. Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and disposition of deferasirox in β-thalassemic patients with transfusion-depen-dent iron overload who are at pharmacokinetic steady state. Drug Metab Dispos 38: 808-816. DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.030833.
Wootton-Beard PC, Ryan L. 2011. A beetroot juice shot is a significant and convenient source of bioaccessible antioxidants. J Funct Foods 3: 329-334. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2011.05.007.
Yusni, Amiruddin. 2015. Pemenuhan kebutuhan kalsium dan besi atlet sepak bola junior Banda Aceh. J Sport Pedagogy 5: 1-4.
Ahrens KA, Vladutiu CJ, Mumford SL, Schliep KC, Perkins NJ, Wacktawski-Wende J, Schisterman EF. 2014. The effect of physical activity across the menstrual cycle on reproductive function. Ann Epidemiol 24: 127-134. DOI: 10.1016/j. annepidem.2013.11.002.
Amaral AL, Mariano IM, V.Carrijo VHV, de Souza TCF, de Souza AV, Caixeta DC, Teixeira RR, de Oliveira EP, Espindola FS, Puga GM. 2021. Antioxidant responses in hypertensive post-menopausal women after acute beetroot juice ingestion and aerobic exercise: Double blind and placebo-controlled crossover trial. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021: 1-9. DOI: 10.1155/20 21/5579864.
Andiana O, Prasetyo Y. 2011. Pengaruh latihan interval istirahat aktif dan istirahat pasif ter-hadap derajat stres oksidatif. Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan 14: 249-257.
Anschuetz S, Rodgers CD, Taylor AW. 2010. Meal composition and iron status of experienced male and female distance runners. J Exerc Sci Fit 8: 25-33. DOI: 10.1016/S1728-869X(10)600 04-4.
Bhagwat S, Haytowitz D. 2015. USDA’s Database for the Proanthocyanidin Content of Selected Foods. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricul-tural Service. Nutrient Data Laboratory. http:// www.ars.usda.gov/nutrientdata/flav [4 Januari 2019].
Calyniuk B, Grochowska-Niedworok E, Walkiewicz KW, Kawecka S, Popiołek E, Fatyga E. 2016. Malondialdehyde (MDA)-product of lipid peroxi-dation as marker of homeostasis disorders and aging. Ann Acad Med Siles 70: 224-228. DOI: 10.18794/aams/65697.
Clifford T, Berntzen B, Davison GW, West DJ, Howatson G, Stevenson EJ. 2016. Effects of beetroot juice on recovery of muscle function and performance between bouts of repeated sprint exercise. Nutrients 8: 506-522. DOI: 10. 3390/nu8080506.
Delavar R, Mogharnasi M, Khoobkhahi N. 2017. The effects of combined training on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense indicators. Int J Basic Sci Med 2: 29-32. DOI: 10.15171/ijbsm.2017. 07.
DellaValle DM. 2013. Iron supplementation for female athletes: Effects on iron status and performance
outcomes. Curr Sports Med Rep 12: 234-239. DOI: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e31829a 6f6b.
Dietitians of Canada. 2016. Foods Source of Caffeine. https://www.dietitians.ca/Your-Health/ Nutrition-A-Z/Caffeine/Food-Source-of-Caffeine. aspx [4 Januari 2019].
Goldstein ER. 2016. Exercise-Associated iron defi-ciency. Strength Cond J 38: 24-34. DOI: 10. 1519/SSC.0000000000000202.
Harvard TH, Department of Nutrition. 2015. Oxalate Content of Foods. https://regepi.bwh.harvard. edu/health/nutrition.html [4 Januari 2019].
Hurrell RF. 2018. Efficacy and safety of iron fortifica-tion. Food Fortification in a Globalized World 2018: 195-212. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-8028 61-2.00020-1.
Hord NG, Tang Y, Bryan NS. 2009. Food sources of nitrates and nitrites: The physiologic context for potential health benefits. Am J Clin Nutr 90: 1-10. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27131.
Klewicka E, Nowak A, Zduńczyk Z, Juśkiewicz J, Cukrowska B. 2012. Protective effect of lacto-fermented red beetroot juice against aberrant crypt foci formation, genotoxicity of fecal water and oxidative stress induced by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4, 5-b] pyridine in rats model. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 34: 895-904. DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.08.009
Kerksick CM, Wilborn CD, Roberts MD, Smith-Ryan A, Kleiner SM, Jäger R, Collins R, Cooke M, Davis JN, Galvan E, Greenwood M, Lowery LM, Wildman R, Antonio J, Kreider RB. 2018. ISSN exercise & sport nutrition review: research & recommendations. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 15: 38. DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0242-y
Lyle N, Bhattacharyya D, Sur TK, Munshi S, Paul S, Chatterjee S, Gomes A. 2009. Stress modula-ting antioxidant effect of Nardostachys jata-mansi. Indian J Biochem Biophys 46: 93-98.
Mahmud MK, Hermana, Zulfianto NA, Apriyantono RR, Ngadiarti I, Hartati B, Bernadus, Tinexcelly. 2013. Tabel Komposisi Pangan Indonesia. 10-15, 45. PT Elex Media Komputindo, Jakarta.
Mitchell RD, Crandall C. 2017. Validation of the 15 minute balke field test for competitive, adult 5k runners: From treadmill VO2max testing to enhancing performance. Am J Sports Sci Med 5: 44-47. DOI: 10.12691/ajssm-5-3-1.
Moozavizademonir. 2011. Effect of one period of training on hemoglobin, hematocrit, and RBC of athlete girls. Ann Biol Res 2: 642-644
Orimadegun BE, Awolude OA, Agbedana EO. 2019. Markers of lipid and protein peroxidation among Nigerian university students with dysmenor-rhea. Niger J Clin Pract 22: 174-180. DOI: 10.4 103/njcp.njcp_279_18.
Pacho´n H, Spohrer R, Mei Z, Serdula MK. 2015. Evidence of the effectiveness of flour fortifica-tion programs on iron status and anemia: A systematic review. Nutr Rev 73: 780-795. DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv037.
Palacios G, Pedrero-Chamizo R, Palacios N, Maroto-Sánchez B, Aznar S, González-Gross M. 2015. Biomarkers of physical activity and exercise. Nutr Hosp 31: 237-244. DOI: 10.3305/ nh.2015.31.sup3.8771.
Penggalih MHST, Pratiwi D, Fitria F, Sari MDP, Narruti NH, Winata IN, Fatimah, Kusumawati MD. 2016. Identifikasi somatotype, status gizi, dan dietary atlet remaja stop and go sports. J Kesehatan Masyarakat 11: 96-106. DOI: 10.15294/kemas.v11i2.4495.
Pingitore A, Lima GPP, Mastorci F, Quinones A, Iervasi G, Vassalle C. 2015. Exercise and oxidative stress: Potential effects of antioxidant dietary strategies in sports. Nutrition 31: 916-922. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.02.005.
Pramuková B, Szabadosová V, Šoltésová A. 2011. Current knowledge about sports nutri-tion. Australas Med J 4: 107-110. DOI: 10.40 66/AMJ.2011.520
Rahmawati F. 2017. Pengembangan Produk Bit (Beta vulgaris L.) sebagai Minuman yang Difortifikasi FeSO4 untuk Performa Endurance Atlet: Kajian Sifat Fisikokimia dan Organoleptik. [Skripsi]. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran, Ke-sehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Univer-sitas Gadjah Mada.
Riswanda J. 2017. Hubungan asupan zat besi dan inhibitornya sebagai prediktor kadar hemo-globin ibu hamil di Kabupaten Muara Enim. Biota 3: 83-89. DOI: 10.19109/Biota.v3i2.1319.
Ropitasari, Safitri I. 2015. Hubungan anemia dengan tingkat dismenore. Indonesian J Educ Midwifery Care 2: 27-31. DOI: 10.24198/ijemc.v2i2.27.
Safitri I, Dieny FF. 2015. Pengaruh sari umbi bit (Beta Vulagaris) terhadap vo2max atlet sepak Bola. J Nutr Collage 4: 202-210. DOI: 10.147 10/jnc.v4i2.10066.
Santamaria P. 2006. Nitrate in vegetables: Toxicity, content, intake and EC regulation. J Food Sci Agric 86: 10-17. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.2351.
Sastroasmoro Su, Ismael S. 2011. Dasar-dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis Edisi ke-4. 359. Sagung Seto, Jakarta.
Schlemmer U, Frølich W, Prieto RM, Grases F. 2009. Phytate in foods and significance for humans: food sources, intake, processing, bioavailability, protective role and analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 53: S330-S375. DOI: 10.1002/ mnfr.200900099.
Sinaga RN, Harahap NS, Sari RM. 2017. The effect of Iron Supplying on VO2 MAX and haemato-logy parameter on menstrual woman. Interna-tional Conference on Innovation in Education, Science and Culture (ICIESC-2017) 8–9 November 2017, Medan, Indonesia. J Phys: Conf Ser 970: 012014. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/970/1/012014.
Simmons E, Fluckey JD, Riechman SE. 2016. Cumulative muscle protein synthesis and pro-tein intake requirements. Annual Review of Nutrition 36: 17-43. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071813-105549.
Sholicha CA, Muniroh L. 2019. Hubungan asupan zat besi, protein, vitamin C dan pola menstruasi dengan kadar hemoglobin pada remaja putri di SMAN 1 Manyar Gresik, Media Gizi Indonesia 14: 147-153. DOI: 10.20473/mgi.v14i2.147-153.
Thomas DT, Erdman KA, Burke LM. 2016. Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics, dietitians of canada, and the american college of sports medicine: Nutrition and athletic performance. J Acad Nutr Diet 116: 501-528. DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.12.006.
Utama TA, Listiana N, Susanti D. 2013. Perban-dingan zat besi dengan dan tanpa vitamin C terhadap kadar hemoglobin wanita usia subur. J Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional 7: 344-348. DOI: 10.21109/kesmas.v7i8.19.
Vanhatalo A, Bailey SJ, Blackwell JR, DiMenna FJ, Pavey TG, Wilkerson DP, Benjamin N, Winyard PG, Jones AM. 2010. Acute and chronic effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on blood pressure and the physiological responses to moderate-intensity and incremental exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 299: R1121-1131. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00206.20 10.
Warrington S, Porter JB. 2010. Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and disposition of deferasirox in β-thalassemic patients with transfusion-depen-dent iron overload who are at pharmacokinetic steady state. Drug Metab Dispos 38: 808-816. DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.030833.
Wootton-Beard PC, Ryan L. 2011. A beetroot juice shot is a significant and convenient source of bioaccessible antioxidants. J Funct Foods 3: 329-334. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2011.05.007.
Yusni, Amiruddin. 2015. Pemenuhan kebutuhan kalsium dan besi atlet sepak bola junior Banda Aceh. J Sport Pedagogy 5: 1-4.
Authors
PenggalihM. H. S. T., NiamilahI., PramestiY. P., BactiarN., & WardhaniS. K. (2022). PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS BIT TERFORTIFIKASI FESO4 INSTAN (JUS BEEFE) DALAM MENANGGULANGI ANEMIA ATLET REMAJA PUTRI. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Industri Pangan, 32(2), 107-115. https://doi.org/10.6066/jtip.2021.32.2.107
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