Main Article Content

Abstract

Abstract
Cocoa bean from Indonesia may not be qualified enough caused by weevil pest interference. These days, fumigation is a solution to push down the weevil pest interference. However, anxious about health problem and environment pollution issue have judged the way to be unsafe mode. The aim of this research was to analyze the heating effect using microwave oven with various levels of power and time concerning
the mortality of warehouse pest Araecerus fasciculatus on cocoa bean, the reduction of water content, and the energy use during heating process. Input power of microwave oven was probed at 264, 400, and 600 watt, whereas the heating times were 60, 120, and 180 second with three times repetition. The mortality of warehouse pest Araecerus fasciculatus increased with raising the power level and time of heating process. Araecerus fasciculatus pest reached 100% of mortality at 600 watt of power level during 180 second with required energy of 99.72 kJ. The percentage of water content reduction in wet basis was 28.7%.

Abstrak
Kualitas biji kakao Indonesia masih tergolong rendah akibat adanya interferensi serangga hama. Fumigasi merupakan upaya yang selama ini dilakukan untuk menekan interferensi serangga hama. Namun, kekhawatiran akan kesehatan dan polusi lingkungan telah menyebabkan cara tersebut kurang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh pemanasan dengan oven gelombang mikro dengan berbagai
tingkat daya dan waktu terhadap mortalitas hama gudang Araecerus fasciculatus pada biji kakao dan penurunan kadar airnya serta penggunaan energi oven gelombang mikro selama proses pemanasan. Daya masukan oven gelombang mikro yang digunakan adalah 264, 400, dan 600 watt, sedangkan waktu pemanasan adalah 60, 120, dan 180 detik dengan tiga kali ulangan. Mortalitas hama gudang Araecerus fasciculatus mengalami peningkatan dengan meningkatnya tingkat daya dan waktu pemanasan. Hama Araecerus fasciculatus mencapai mortalitas 100% pada tingkat daya 600 watt selama 180 detik dengan penggunaan energi sebesar 99.72 kJ. Persentase penurunan kadar air basis basah pada tingkat daya dan waktu tersebut sebesar 28.7%.

Keywords

Araecerus fasciculatus cocoa energy microwave

Article Details

Author Biographies

Edy Hartulistiyoso, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Departemen Teknik Mesin dan Biosistem, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Slamet Widodo, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Departemen Teknik Mesin dan Biosistem, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Andi Muhammad Akram Mukhlis, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Departemen Teknik Mesin dan Biosistem, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor

References

  1. Anonymous. 2012. Cocoa Market Update. World Cocoa Foundation. Washington.
  2. Berk, Z. 2013. Food Process Engineering and Technology. 2ndEd. Academic Press. New York. El-Naggar, S.M. dan A.A. Mikhaiel. 2011.
  3. Disinfestation of stored wheat grain and flour using gamma rays and microwave heating. Journal of Stored Products Research. Vol.47(3):191-196.
  4. Ikediala, J.N., J. Tang, L.G. Neven dan S.R. Drake. 1999. Quarantine treatment of cherries using 915 MHz microwaves: temperature mapping, codling moth mortality and fruit quality. Postharvest Biology and Technology. Vol.16 (2):127–137.
  5. Manickavasagan, A., Alahakoon, P.M.K., Al- Busaidi, T.K., Al-Adawi, S., Al-Wahaibi, A.K., Al-Raeesi, A.A., Al-Yahyai, R. dan Jayas, D.S. 2013. Disinfestation of stored dates using microwave energy. Journal of Stored Products Research. Vol.55:1-5.
  6. Meda, V., V. Orsat, dan V. Raghavan, 2005. Microwave Heating and The Dielectric Properties of Foods, in Schubert H. and M. Regier.(Ed.). The Microwave Processing of Foods. Woodhead Publishing. Cambridge. p 61-75.
  7. Prijono, D., O.S. Dharmaputra dan S. Widayanti. 2009. Modul Pengolahan Hama Gudang Terpadu. SEAMEO BIOTROP. Bogor.
  8. Sjam, S., Melina dan S. Thamrin. 2010. Pengujian ekstrak tumbuhan Vitex trifolia L., Acorus colomus L., dan Andropogon nardus L. terhadap hama pasca panen Araecerus fasciculatus De Geer (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) pada biji kakao. Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia. Vol.7(1):1-8.
  9. Zhao, S., C. Qiu, S. Xiong dan X. Cheng. 2007. A thermal lethal model of rice weevils subjected to microwave irradiation. Journal of Stored
  10. Products Research. 43(4):430–434.