Karakteristik Fisik, Kimia, Fungsional, dan Sensori Nasi Gurih Instan Dibandingkan dengan Nasi Putih Instan

Ajeng Widyaningrum Kusuma Wardhani, Tjahja Muhandri, Didah Nur Faridah, Nuri Andarwulan

Abstract

Variations of processing rice into cooked rice had long been developed. One of the rice products that had been widely circulated in the community was savory rice. Savory rice with an instantization processed was more practical in serving. This research aimed to determine the physical, chemical, functional, and sensory characteristics of instant savory rice compared to instant white rice. The stages of processing instant savory rice included washing, soaking, cooking, freezing, and drying. The freezing process was carried out at -20 °C for 24 h. The drying process for instant savory rice used a fluidized bed dryer for 3 h. Instant white rice was used as a control. The porosity level of instant savory rice was lower than instant white rice as indicated by the yield (95.77%), bulk density (0.57 g/mL), rehydration time (14.34 min), rehydration ratio (2.86), expansion volume ratio (2.26), and water absorption capacity (69.50%). Instant savory rice contained moisture content (8.48%), ash content (3.93%), fat content (5.56%), protein content (7.54%), and starch digestibility (54.84%) which was higher than instant white rice. Instant savory rice had carbohydrate content (82.97%), amylose content (32.39%), amylopectin content (46.59%), starch content (79.98%), and resistant starch content (1.90%) lower than instant white rice. In terms of sensory test results revealed that instant savory rice after rehydration was preferred by consumers compared to instant white rice regarding color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall with a score of 5.39-5.84.

References

Amanah, M. T., & Hayati, A. (2020). Aplikasi model peleg untuk analisa rehidrasi tekwan kering pada beberapa suhu perendaman. Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian, 8(3), 81–88. https://doi.org/10.19028/jtep.08.3.81-88

Anderson, A. K., Guraya, H. S., James, C., & Salvaggio, L. (2002). Digestibility and pasting properties of rice starch heat‐moisture treated at the melting temperature (Tm). Starch‐Stärke, 54(9), 401–409. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-379X(200209)54:9<401::AID-STAR401>3.0.CO;2-Z

Ardiansyah, Nurlansi, Musta R. (2018). Ardiansyah, A., Nurlansi, N., & Musta, R. (2018). Waktu Optimum hidrolisis pati limbah hasil olahan ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz var. Lahumbu) menjadi gula cair menggunakan enzim î±-amilase dan glukoamilase. Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research, 5(2), 86–95. https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2018.5-ard

[AOAC] Association of Official Analytical Chemist. (2016). Official Method of Analytical of the Association of Official Analytical Chemist. Washington DC (US): Association of Official Analytical Chemist.

[BPOM] Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan. (2021). Peraturan Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan Nomor 26 Tahun 2021 Tentang Informasi Nilai Gizi pada Label Pangan Olahan. Jakarta: Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan.

Banurea, I. R., Sasmitaloka, K. S., Sukasih, E., & Widowati, S. (2020). Karakterisasi nasi instan yang diproduksi dengan metode freeze drying. Indonesian Journal of Industrial Research, 37(2), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.32765/wartaihp.v37i2.5998

[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional. (2015). Standar Nasional Indonesia tentang Beras (SNI 6128-2015). Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional.

Butt, M. S., Anjum, F. M., Salim-ur-Rehman, Tahir-Nadeem, M., Sharif, M. K., & Anwer, M. (2008). Selected quality attributes of fine basmati rice: effect of storage history and varieties. International Journal of Food Properties, 11(3), 698–711. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942910701622706

Faridah, D. N., Andriani, I., Talitha, Z. A., & Budi, F. S. (2021). Physicochemical characterization of resistant starch type V (RS5) from Manggu cassava starch (Manihot esculenta). Food Research, 5(2), 228–234. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(2).496

Hasjim, J., Ai, Y., & Jane, J. L. (2013). Novel applications of amylose‐lipid complex as resistant starch type 5. Resistant starch: Sources, applications and health benefits. John Wiley & Sons, Amerika, 79–94. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118528723.ch4

Hastuti, N. H. P. D. (2019). Karakteristik fisikokimia dan sensori nasi instan pratanak dari beras pecah kulit (brown rice) berdasarkan variasi metode pemasakan. [Skripsi]. Semarang: Fakultas Ilmu keperawatan dan Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang.

[HMIG] Himpunan Mahasiswa Ilmu Gizi. (2021). Giziklopedia: santan. https://gizi.fk.undip.ac.id/?p=2926 [8 Agustus 2023].

Ifmaily, I. (2018). Penetapan kadar pati pada buah mangga muda (Mangifera indica L) menggunakan metode Luff Schoorl. Jurnal Katalisator, 3(2), 106–113. http://doi.org/10.22216/jk.v3i2.3406

[IRRI] International Rice Research Institute. (2020). Indonesia dan IRRI. http://books.irri.org/Indonesia_IRRI_brochure-BAHASA.pdf [2 September 2022].

Jading, A., Tethool, E., Payung, P., & Gultom, S. (2011). Karakteristik fisikokimia pati sagu hasil pengeringan secara fluidisasi menggunakan alat pengering cross flow fluidized bed bertenaga surya dan biomassa. Reaktor, 13(3), 155–164. https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.13.3.155-164

Kumolontang, N. P. (2015). Pengaruh penggunaan santan kelapa dan lama penyimpanan terhadap kualitas “cookies santang”. Jurnal Penelitian Teknologi Industri, 7(2), 70–80.

Kurnia A. (2012). Pengaruh pengeringan terhadap mutu nasi uduk instan. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Fakultas Teknologi Pangan, Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Luna, P., Herawati, H., Widowati, S., & Prianto, A. B. (2015). Pengaruh kandungan amilosa terhadap karakteristik fisik dan organoleptik nasi instan. Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian, 12(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.21082/jpasca.v12n1.2015.1-10

Mardiah, M., Novidahlia, N., & Mashudi, M. (2017). Penentuan metode pengeringan (cabinet dryer dan fluidized bed dryer) terhadap komponen dan kapasitas antioksidan pada rosela kering (Hibiscus sabdariffa L). Jurnal Pertanian, 3(2), 104–110.

Meilgaard, M., Civille, G., & Carr, B. (2016). Sensory Evaluation Technique. Ed ke-5. CRC Press, New York (US). https://doi.org/10.1201/b19493

Noviasari, S., Kusnandar, F., Setiyono, A., & Budijanto, S. (2015). Beras analog sebagai pangan fungsional dengan indeks glikemik rendah. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan, 10(3), 225–232.

Palupi, N. S., Kusnandar, F., & Lestari, O. A. (2015). Nilai biologis mi kering jagung yang disubstitusi tepung jagung termodifikasi melalui heat moisture treatment. Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan, 26(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.6066/jtip.2015.26.1.9

Pangastuti, H. A., & Permana, L. (2021). Pengukuran pati resisten tipe 5 secara in vitro pada nasi uduk. Jurnal Pengolahan Pangan, 6(2), 42–48. https://doi.org/10.31970/pangan.v6i2.56

Pratama, A. W. (2019). Perbedaan penurunan nilai a*, b* dan l* pada daging ayam broiler (Gallus domesticus) akibat ozonasi dan perebusan. Pasundan Food Technology Journal (PFTJ), 6(2), 86–90. https://doi.org/10.23969/pftj.v6i2.1327

Rozali, Z. F., Purwani, E. Y., Iskandriati, D., Sri, N., & Suhartono, T. (2018). Potensi pati resisten beras sebagai bahan pangan fungsional. Jurnal Pangan, 27(3), 215–224. https://doi.org/10.33964/jp.v27i3.396

Sajilata, M. G., Singhal, R. S., & Kulkarni, P. R. (2006). Resistant starch–a review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 5(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-4337.2006.tb00076.x

Sari, D. K., & Lestari, R. S. D. (2016). Pengaruh laju alir udara pengering terhadap pengeringan kulit manggis. Teknika: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi, 12(1), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.36055/tjst.v12i1.6614

Sasmitaloka KS, Haliza W, Sukasih E, Ardhiyanti SD, Widowati S. (2022). Pengaruh derajat sosoh dan pencucian terhadap karakteristik nasi instan biofortifikasi. Agritech 42: 260–271. http://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.67011

Sasmitaloka, K. S., Widowati, S., & Sukasih, E. (2020). Karakterisasi sifat fisikokimia, sensori, dan fung-sional nasi instan dari beras amilosa rendah. Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian, 17(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.21082/jpasca.v17n1.2020.1-14

Syahrul, S., Romdhani, R., & Mirmanto, M. (2016). Pengaruh variasi kecepatan udara dan massa bahan terhadap waktu pengeringan jagung pada alat fluidized bed. Dinamika Teknik Mesin, 6(2), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.29303/dtm.v6i2.15

Syamarta, A. (2021). Pengaruh konsentrasi natrium sitrat dan tipe pengering terhadap karakteristik nasi instan. [Skripsi]. Bogor: Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Waluyo, J., Prasetyaningsih, Y., Ariyani, F. T., & Sari, I. M. (2020). Pengaruh perendaman asam nitrat pada pemrosesan nasi instan untuk menurunkan indeks glikemik. Equilibrium, 4(1), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.20961/equilibrium.v4 i1.43225

Widowati, S., Sasmitaloka, K. S., & Banurea, I. R. (2020). Karakteristik fisikokimia dan fungsional nasi instan. Jurnal Pangan, 29, 87–104. https://doi.org/10.33964/jp.v29i2.459

Widowati, S., Asni, N., & Nuraeni, F. (2020b). Formulasi, karakterisasi, dan optimasi waktu rehidrasi produk nasi kuning instan. Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian, 17(2), 96–107. https://doi.org/10.21082/jpasca.v17n2.2020.95-107

Wijayanti, N. R. A., & Rahmadhia, S. N. (2021). Analisis kadar pati dan impurities tepung tapioka. Jurnal Teknologi Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian, 16(2), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.26623/jtphp.v16i2.4546

Yuwono, S. S., & Zulfiah, A. A. H. (2014). Formulasi beras analog berbasis tepung mocaf dan maizena dengan penambahan CMC dan tepung ampas tahu. Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri, 3(4), 31465–1472.

Authors

Ajeng Widyaningrum Kusuma Wardhani
Tjahja Muhandri
Didah Nur Faridah
Nuri Andarwulan
andarwulan@apps.ipb.ac.id (Primary Contact)
WardhaniA. W. K., MuhandriT., FaridahD. N., & AndarwulanN. (2024). Karakteristik Fisik, Kimia, Fungsional, dan Sensori Nasi Gurih Instan Dibandingkan dengan Nasi Putih Instan. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Industri Pangan, 35(1), 92-105. https://doi.org/10.6066/jtip.2024.35.1.92
Copyright and license info is not available

Article Details