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Mar 12, 2019
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Abstract

Abstract
Salak pondoh (Salacca edulis Reinw) is one of the export fruit commodities in Indonesia that is easily exposed to fruit base rot diseases. Coating treatment can be used to prevent the deseases . This research aims to analyze and determine the best composition of beeswax and liquid smoke as coating material. The study consisted of several stages, the first stage was testing of liquid smoke antifungal activity, second was making of film solution, the third was film making with the concentration of beeswax (3%; 5% and 8%) and liquid smoke (1; 2.5 and 5%) using casting or printing techniques, fourth stage was selection of the best beeswax and liquid smoke combination in the solution. Three parameters of the films was evaluated. The results showed that the concentration of 5% liquid smoke was able to inhibit the growth of Thielaviopsis sp. up to 7 days after iniculation. The films had a ΔE film values ranging from 2.21-5.93, thicknesses values were from 0.07-0.16 mm, and WVTR values were from 3.05-4.63 g/m2.24jam. The combination 5% liquid smoke and 8% produces a film formulation that has good characteristics that can be applied as a fruit coating to prevent fruit base desease on salak pondoh.

Abstrak
Salak pondoh (Salacca edulis Reinw) merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor penting di Indonesia. yang mudah rusak dan mudah terserang penyakit busuk buah pada bagian pangkalnya. Metode pelapisan lilin dan asap cair dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan menentukan karakteristik dan komposisi lilin lebah dan asap cair terbaik sebagai pelapis buah salak pondoh. Penelitian terdiri dari beberapa tahap yaitu tahap pertama uji aktivitas anti cendawan asap cair, tahap kedua pembuatan larutan film tahap ketiga pembuatan film dengan konsentrasi beeswax (3%, 5% dan 8%) dan asap cair (1; 2.5 dan 50%) menggunakan teknik casting atau cetak, tahap pemilihan larutan film lilin lebah dan asap cair terbaik. Ketebalan, WVTR, dan warna film dievaluasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi asap cair 5% mampu menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan Thielaviopsis sp. hingga 7 HSI. Film lilin lebah dan asap cair yang dibuat memiliki nilai kekeruhan film berkisar 2.21-5.93, ketebalan berkisar 0.07–0.16 mm, dan nilai WVTR berkisar 3.05-4.63 g/m2.24jam. Kombinasi asap cair 5% dan beeswax 8% menghasilkan formulasi film yang memiliki permeabilitas uap air dan sifat anti cendawan yang baik sehingga berpotensi digunakan sebagai pelapis buah salak pondoh untuk mencegah serangan penyakit busuk pangkal buah.

Keywords

Beeswax film liquid smoke salak Thielaviopsis sp

Article Details

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Author Biographies

Baskara Edi Nugraha, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Program Studi Teknologi Pascapanen, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Usman Ahmad, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Departemen Teknik Mesin dan Biosistem, Institut Pertanian Bogor

Lilik Eko Pujantoro Nugroho

Departemen Teknik Mesin dan Biosistem, Institut Pertanian Bogor

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