Association Between Diabetes-Related Nutrition Knowledge and Weight Status Among Cadet and Non-cadet Students at Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM)
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the association between diabetes-related nutrition knowledge and body weight status among non-diabetic young adults. This cross-sectional study utilized a questionnaire assessing socio-demographic and Diabetes-Related Nutrition Knowledge-Questionnaire (DRNK-Q). Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured using standard protocols, and body weight categories were established using the Body Mass Index (BMI). Data from 320 young adults, aged 18‒26 years old, were collected from Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM). Participants were divided into two categories based on their knowledge scores. Overall, the study's respondents exhibited low DRNK (52.8%) and high DRNK (47.2%). Majority of respondents have normal body weight (55.7%); nevertheless, there is no relationship between body weight and diabetes-related nutrition knowledge. To conclude, there is no knowledge difference between cadet and non-cadet. Therefore, public health initiatives must customize interventions suitable to support behavior and lifestyle changes based on the amount of diabetes awareness.
References
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El Ansari E, Suominen S, Samara A. 2015. Eating habits and dietary intake: Is adherence to dietary guidelines associated with importance of healthy eating among undergraduate university students in Finland?. Cent Eur J Public Health 23(4):306–313. https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a4195
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Ho BK, Jasvindar K, Gurpreet K, Ambigga D, Suthahar A, Cheong SM, Lim KH. 2014. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of diabetes mellitus among the elderly: The 2011 National Health and Morbidity Survey, Malaysia. Malays Fam Physician 9(3):12–19. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26425300
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Mazzocchi M, Cagnone S, Bech-Larsen T, Niedźwiedzka B, Saba A, Shankar B, Verbeke W, Traill WB. 2014. What is the public appetite for healthy eating policies? Evidence from a cross-European survey. Health Economics, Policy and Law 10(3):267–292. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1744133114000346
Mphasha MH, Mothiba TM, Skaal L. 2022. Family support in the management of diabetes patients’ perspectives from Limpopo province in South Africa. BMC Public Health 22(1):2421. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14903-1
New Straits Times. 2022. One of two adults in Malaysia is overweight, says deputy health minister. https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2022/03/783279/one-two-adults-malaysia-overweight-says-deputy-health-minister [Accessed 4th August 2023].
Nianogo RA, Arah OA. 2022. Forecasting obesity and type 2 diabetes incidence and burden: The VILA-obesity simulation model. Front Public Health 10:818816. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.818816
O’Brien G, Davies M. 2007. Nutrition knowledge and body mass index. Health Educ Res 22(4):571–575. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyl119
Saintila J, Calizaya-Milla YE, Calizaya-Milla SE, Elejabo-Pacheco AA, Sandoval-Valentin GA, Rodriguez-Panta SG. 2022. Association between nutritional knowledge, dietary regimen, and excess body weight in primary school teachers. J Multidiscip Healthc 15:2331–2339. https://doi.org/10.2147/jmdh.s385713
Schnurr TM, Jakupović H, Carrasquilla GD, Ängquist L, Grarup N, Sørensen TIA, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Pedersen O, Hansen T et al. 2020. Obesity, unfavourable lifestyle and genetic risk of type 2 diabetes: A case-cohort study. Diabetologia 63(7):1324–1332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-020-05140-5
Sun Y, Dong D, Ding Y. 2021. The Impact of Dietary Knowledge on Health: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18(7):3736. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073736
Suwan K, Hatthachote P, Panichkul S, Phromphetcharat V. 2012. Comparision of overweight and obesity in medical cadets before and after 6 months studying at Phramongkutklao College. J Med Assoc Thai 95 Suppl 5:S142‒8.
Svendsen MT, Bak CK, Sørensen K, Pelikan J, Riddersholm SJ, Skals RK, Mortensen RN, Maindal HT, Bøggild H, Nielsen G et al. 2020. Associations of health literacy with socioeconomic position, health risk behavior, and health status: a large national population-based survey among Danish adults. BMC Public Health 20(1):1‒12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08498-8
Ul Haq I, Mariyam Z, Li M, Huang X, Jiang P, Zeb F, Wu X, Feng Q, Zhou M. 2018. A comparative study of nutritional status, Knowledge Attitude and Practices (KAP) and dietary intake between international and Chinese students in Nanjing, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 15(9):1910. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091910
Valmórbida JL, Goulart MR, Busnello FM, Pellanda LC. 2017. Nutritional knowledge and body mass index: A cross-sectional study. Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira 63(9):736–740. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.63.09.736
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2021. Obesity and overweight. Accessed date: [18 Nov 2022]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
Yahia N, Brown CA, Rapley M, Chung M. 2016. Level of nutrition knowledge and its association with fat consumption among college students. BMC Public Health 16:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3728-z
Zatońska K, Psikus P, Basiak-Rasała A, Stępnicka Z, Gaweł-Dąbrowska D, Wołyniec M, Gibka J, Szuba A, Połtyn-Zaradna K. 2021. Obesity and Chosen Non-Communicable Diseases in PURE Poland Cohort study. Int J Environ Res Public Health18(5):2701. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052701
Al-Goblan AS, Al-Alfi MA, Khan MZ. 2014. Mechanism linking diabetes mellitus and obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 7:587‒591. https://doi.org/10.2147/dmso.s67400
Andes LJ, Cheng YJ, Rolka DB, Gregg EW, Imperatore G. 2020. Prevalence of prediabetes among adolescents and young adults in the United States, 2005‒2016. JAMA Pediatrics 174(2):e194498‒e194498. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.4498
Azlini C, Normala R. 2018. Gender differences in body mass index, underweight, overweight And Obesity among University Students. 02(12):67‒69.
Belogianni K, Ooms A, Lykou A, Moir HJ. 2021. Nutrition knowledge among university students in the UK: A cross-sectional study. Public Health Nutr 25(10):2834–2841. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980021004754
Bernama. 2019. Close to 1 in 3 adults diabetic by 2025, says health minister. NST Online: New Straits Times. https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/03/473136/close-1-3-adults-diabetic-2025-says-health-minister [Accessed 22th May 2023].
Bonnie RJ, Stroud C, Breiner H. 2015. Investing in the Health and Well-Being of Young Adults. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US).
Bovill ME, Tharion WJ, Lieberman HR. 2003. Nutrition knowledge and supplement use among elite U.S. Army Soldiers’, Military Medicine 168(12):997–1000. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/168.12.997
Brandhorst S, Longo VD. 2019. Dietary restrictions and nutrition in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Circ Res124(6):952–965. https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.118.313352
Cella S, Fei L, D’Amico R, Giardiello C, Allaria A, Paolo Cotrufo. 2019. Binge eating disorder and related features in bariatric surgery candidates. Open Medicine 14(1):407–415. https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2019-0043
Dallongeville J, Marécaux N, Cottel D, Bingham A, Amouyel P. 2001. Association between nutrition knowledge and nutritional intake in middle-aged men from Northern France. Public Health Nutr 4(1):27–33. https://doi.org/10.1079/phn200052
El Ansari E, Suominen S, Samara A. 2015. Eating habits and dietary intake: Is adherence to dietary guidelines associated with importance of healthy eating among undergraduate university students in Finland?. Cent Eur J Public Health 23(4):306–313. https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a4195
Gupta S, Bansal S. 2020. Does a rise in BMI cause an increased risk of diabetes?: Evidence from India. Plos One 15(4):e0229716. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229716
Han CY, Chan CGB, Lim SL, Zheng X, Woon ZW, Chan YT, Bhaskaran K, Tan KF, Mangaikarasu K, Chong MFF. 2020. Diabetes-related nutrition knowledge and dietary adherence in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A mixed-methods exploratory study. Proc Singapore Healthc 29(2):81–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/2010105820901742
Ho BK, Jasvindar K, Gurpreet K, Ambigga D, Suthahar A, Cheong SM, Lim KH. 2014. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of diabetes mellitus among the elderly: The 2011 National Health and Morbidity Survey, Malaysia. Malays Fam Physician 9(3):12–19. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26425300
Issahaku I, Alhassan M. 2021. Nutrition knowledge, dietary practices and nutritional status of non-academic staff at the Tamale campus of university for development studies. Heliyon 7(4):e06635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06635
Kamal M, Lukman Z, Azlini C, Normala R. 2018. Gender differences in body mas index, underweight, overweighty, and obesity among University students. 02(12):67–69.
Klein S, Gastaldelli A, Yki-Järvinen H, Scherer PE. 2022. Why does obesity cause diabetes?. Cell Metab 34(1):11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.12.012
Lawrence JM, Divers J, Isom S, Saydah S, Imperatore G, Pihoker C, Marcovina SM, Mayer-Davis EJ, Hamman RF, Dolan L et al. 2021. Trends in prevalence of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents in the US, 2001–2017. JAMA 326(8):717. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.11165
Martínez-Mesa J, González-Chica DA, Duquia RP, Bonamigo RR, Bastos JL. 2016. Sampling: how to select participants in my research study?. An Bras Dermato 91(3):326–330. https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20165254
Mazzocchi M, Cagnone S, Bech-Larsen T, Niedźwiedzka B, Saba A, Shankar B, Verbeke W, Traill WB. 2014. What is the public appetite for healthy eating policies? Evidence from a cross-European survey. Health Economics, Policy and Law 10(3):267–292. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1744133114000346
Mphasha MH, Mothiba TM, Skaal L. 2022. Family support in the management of diabetes patients’ perspectives from Limpopo province in South Africa. BMC Public Health 22(1):2421. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14903-1
New Straits Times. 2022. One of two adults in Malaysia is overweight, says deputy health minister. https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2022/03/783279/one-two-adults-malaysia-overweight-says-deputy-health-minister [Accessed 4th August 2023].
Nianogo RA, Arah OA. 2022. Forecasting obesity and type 2 diabetes incidence and burden: The VILA-obesity simulation model. Front Public Health 10:818816. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.818816
O’Brien G, Davies M. 2007. Nutrition knowledge and body mass index. Health Educ Res 22(4):571–575. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyl119
Saintila J, Calizaya-Milla YE, Calizaya-Milla SE, Elejabo-Pacheco AA, Sandoval-Valentin GA, Rodriguez-Panta SG. 2022. Association between nutritional knowledge, dietary regimen, and excess body weight in primary school teachers. J Multidiscip Healthc 15:2331–2339. https://doi.org/10.2147/jmdh.s385713
Schnurr TM, Jakupović H, Carrasquilla GD, Ängquist L, Grarup N, Sørensen TIA, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Pedersen O, Hansen T et al. 2020. Obesity, unfavourable lifestyle and genetic risk of type 2 diabetes: A case-cohort study. Diabetologia 63(7):1324–1332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-020-05140-5
Sun Y, Dong D, Ding Y. 2021. The Impact of Dietary Knowledge on Health: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18(7):3736. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073736
Suwan K, Hatthachote P, Panichkul S, Phromphetcharat V. 2012. Comparision of overweight and obesity in medical cadets before and after 6 months studying at Phramongkutklao College. J Med Assoc Thai 95 Suppl 5:S142‒8.
Svendsen MT, Bak CK, Sørensen K, Pelikan J, Riddersholm SJ, Skals RK, Mortensen RN, Maindal HT, Bøggild H, Nielsen G et al. 2020. Associations of health literacy with socioeconomic position, health risk behavior, and health status: a large national population-based survey among Danish adults. BMC Public Health 20(1):1‒12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08498-8
Ul Haq I, Mariyam Z, Li M, Huang X, Jiang P, Zeb F, Wu X, Feng Q, Zhou M. 2018. A comparative study of nutritional status, Knowledge Attitude and Practices (KAP) and dietary intake between international and Chinese students in Nanjing, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 15(9):1910. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091910
Valmórbida JL, Goulart MR, Busnello FM, Pellanda LC. 2017. Nutritional knowledge and body mass index: A cross-sectional study. Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira 63(9):736–740. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.63.09.736
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2021. Obesity and overweight. Accessed date: [18 Nov 2022]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
Yahia N, Brown CA, Rapley M, Chung M. 2016. Level of nutrition knowledge and its association with fat consumption among college students. BMC Public Health 16:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3728-z
Zatońska K, Psikus P, Basiak-Rasała A, Stępnicka Z, Gaweł-Dąbrowska D, Wołyniec M, Gibka J, Szuba A, Połtyn-Zaradna K. 2021. Obesity and Chosen Non-Communicable Diseases in PURE Poland Cohort study. Int J Environ Res Public Health18(5):2701. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052701
Authors
ZaidiI. H., AzizzulA. N., IsmailN. H., & Wan Ahmad FakuradziW. F. S. binti. (2024). Association Between Diabetes-Related Nutrition Knowledge and Weight Status Among Cadet and Non-cadet Students at Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM). Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan, 19(Supp.2), 201-210. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2024.19.Supp.2.201-210
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