Relationship between Use of Food Delivery Applications, Fat Intake, Physical Activity and Weight Status among Students
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the relationship between food delivery app usage, fat intake, physical activity, and the overweight status of students at public high school in Jakarta. The cross-sectional study involved 77 students from grades X and XI. The frequency of food delivery was grouped into ≥3 times/week or less. Types of food were grouped into light or heavy meals. Physical activity was measured using IPAQ-SF (International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form) and fat intake using SQ FFQ (Semi-Quantitative - Food Frequency Questionnaire). Fat intake was grouped into sufficient and excess category. Physical activity was grouped into low and sufficient category. Chi-square analysis found that there is a significant correlation between overweight status and frequency of food delivery application usage (p<0.001). However, there is no significant correlation between overweight status with the type of food ordered (p=0.467) as well as the amount of food ordered (p=0.655). On the other hand, fat intake showed a significant association with overweight status in adolescents (p<0.001). A significant association was also found between physical activity and overweight (p<0.05). This study showed that the adolescents’ use of food delivery applications, fat intake, and physical activity have a significant correlation with their overweight status. However, the type and amount of food ordered did not show a significant correlation. Despite the insight offered, the study was small and limited in one school hence generalization of findings is limited. Thus, a larger study with diverse subjects is needed.
References
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Amrynia SU, Prameswari GN. 2022. Hubungan pola makan, sedentary lifestyle, dan durasi tidur dengan kejadian gizi lebih pada remaja (Studi kasus di SMA Negeri 1 Demak). Indones J Public Heal Nutr 2(1):112–121. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/ ijphn.v2i1.52044
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Dewita E. 2021. Hubungan pola makan dengan kejadian obesitas pada remaja di SMA Negeri 2 Tambang. J Kesehat Tambusai 2(1):7–14. https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v2i1.1554
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Florens C, Widjaja NA, Irawan R, Hanindita MH. 2022. The composition of carbohydrate and fat consumption among obese adolescents in Surabaya and Sidoarjo. Media Gizi Indones 17(1):62–69. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v17i1.62-69
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Hutabarat AHH, Triawanti T, Yuliana I. 2020. Hubungan aktivitas fisik dan asupan kalori dengan status gizi lebih siswa SMA di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Teluk Dalam. Homeostatis 3(2):265–270.
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Merita M, Aisah A, Aulia S. 2018. Status gizi dan aktivitas fisik dengan status hidrasi pada remaja di SMA Negeri 5 Kota Jambi. J Ilmu Kesehat Masy 9(3):207–215. https://doi.org/10.26553/jikm.v9i3.313
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Murti H. 2017. Hubungan Asupan Gizi, Kebiasaan Konsumsi, dan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Kejadian Gizi Lebih Pada Remaja di SMA Negeri 34 Jakarta Tahun 2017 [Undergraduate Thesis]. Jakarta: Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran”.
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Nuzulla NH. 2022. Gambaran Konsumsi Makanan Cepat Saji dan Aktivitas Fisik Pada Pasien Rawat Jalan Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di RSNU Tuban [Undergraduate Thesis]. Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyyah Surakarta.
Paschaleri Z, Arabatzi F, Papitsa A, Giagazoglou P, Kellis E. 2016. Physical activity, physical fitness and overweight in early schoolchildren. J Sports Med Doping Stud 6(178):2161–0673. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0673.1000178
Pusparani NE. 2022. Hubungan Pengetahuan Gizi Seimbang, Asupan Lemak, dan Asupan Karbohidrat dengan Kejadian Overweight Pada Remaja di SMA N 4 Surakarta [Undergraduate Thesis]. Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Putri VO. 2019. Gambaran Asupan Lemak, Body Image, dan Status Gizi Pada Siswi SMA Negeri 9 Bandung [Undergraduate Thesis]. Bandung: Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Bandung.
Ramayanti M. 2020. Hubungan Screen Time, Aktivitas Fisik, dan Besarnya Uang Saku dengan Status Gizi Lebih Pada Remaja Usia 15–18 Tahun di SMA Negeri 3 Tambun Selatan [Undergraduate Thesis]. Jakarta: Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran”.
Ray A, Dhir A, Bala PK, Kaur P. 2019. Why do people use food delivery apps (FDA)? A uses and gratification theory perspective. J Retail Consum Serv 51:221–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.05.025
Sandy Y, Permatasari T, Pratiwi C, Damanik K. 2023. Online food consumption dan asupan kalsium terhadap status gizi remaja di Kota Medan. J Gipas 7(1):77–90. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jgipas.2023.7.1.8556
Sari NNP. 2018. Frekuensi Konsumsi Junk Food, Status Gizi dan Usia Menarche Pada Siswi SMP Dharma Praja Kabupaten Badung Provinsi Bali [Undergraduate Thesis]. Denpasar: Poltekkes Denpasar.
Statista. 2023a. Number of users of the online food delivery market in Indonesia from 2017 to 2024, by segment. https://www.statista.com/forecasts/1227097/users-online-food-delivery-indonesia-by-segment [Accessed 1st June 2023].
Statista. 2023b. Online food delivery - Worldwide.
https://www.statista.com/outlook/dmo/online-food-delivery/worldwide?currency=usd [Accessed 1st June 2023].
Supardan R. 2021. Perancangan Informasi Edukasi Malas Gerak (MAGER) Melalui Media Komik Webtoon [Undergraduate Thesis]. Bandung: Universitas Komputer Indonesia.
Suryadi DF, Ilyas MIF. 2018. Adopsi Online Food Delivery Services Bagi Wirausaha Pemula di Kota Makassar (Studi Kasus pada Big Bananas). Pros Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2018 (page 75–80). Makassar (ID): Politenik Negeri Ujung Pandang
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2023. BMI for age (5–19 Years). https://www.who.int/tools/growth-reference-data-for-5to19-years/indicators/bmi-for-age [Accessed 20th November 2023].
Wiastuti RD, Prawira O, Lusyana, Lestari NS, Masatip A, Ngatemin. 2022. The relationship between convenience motivation, attitude, and behavioral intention of food delivery applications’ users. Geoj Tour Geosites 41 (2):548–554. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.41228-862
Widiastuti AO, Widiyaningsih EN. 2023. Relationship Physical Activity with Nutritional Status of High School in Surakarta. Pros 16th Urecol Seri MIPA dan Kesehatan (page 66–74). Yogyakarta (ID): Perguruan Tinggi Muhammadiyah 'Aisyiyah (PTMA)
Wulandari DT. 2017. Hubungan antara asupan karbohidrat dan lemak dengan kejadian overweight pada remaja di SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Kartasura Kabupaten Sukoharjo. J Ris Kesehat 9(1):54–64. https://doi.org/10.34011/juriskesbdg.v9i1.290
Yahya A. 2020. Hubungan Penggunaan Aplikasi Pesan-Antar Makanan Online, Asupan Zat Gizi Makro, dan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Kejadian Obesitas Remaja di Kota Surabaya [Undergraduate Thesis]. Surabaya: Universitas Airlangga.
Yanti R, Nova M, Rahmi A. 2021. Asupan energi, asupan lemak, aktivitas fisik dan pengetahuan, berhubungan dengan gizi lebih pada remaja SMA. J Kesehat Perintis 8(1):45–53. https://doi.org/10.33653/jkp.v8i1.592
Zion AMTH. 2019. Food delivery apps: Usage and demographics — Winners, losers and laggards. https://www.zionandzion.com/research/food-delivery-apps-usage-and-demographics-winners-losers-and-laggards/ [Accessed 18th June 2023].
Almansour FD, Allafi AR, Zafar TA, Al-Haifi AR. 2020. Consumer prevalence, attitude and dietary behavior of online food delivery applications users in Kuwait. Acta Biomed 91(4):1–6. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i4.8543
Alyami RA, Alharbi MF. 2023. Relationship between behavioural intention for using food mobile applications and obesity and overweight among adolescent girls. Int J Environ Res Public Health 20(5):4432. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054432
Amrynia SU, Prameswari GN. 2022. Hubungan pola makan, sedentary lifestyle, dan durasi tidur dengan kejadian gizi lebih pada remaja (Studi kasus di SMA Negeri 1 Demak). Indones J Public Heal Nutr 2(1):112–121. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/ ijphn.v2i1.52044
Azizah N. 2022. Hubungan Konsumsi Makanan Melalui Fitur Pemesanan Makanan Online Terhadap Status Gizi Remaja Saat Pandemi di SMA Kota Depok [Undergraduate Thesis]. Palembang: Universitas Sriwijaya.
Dewita E. 2021. Hubungan pola makan dengan kejadian obesitas pada remaja di SMA Negeri 2 Tambang. J Kesehat Tambusai 2(1):7–14. https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v2i1.1554
Fathin FA. 2018. Hubungan Kontribusi Energi Sarapan dan Makanan Jajanan dengan Status Gizi Pada Remaja Putri di SMK Negeri 1 Sukoharjo [Undergraduate Thesis]. Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Florens C, Widjaja NA, Irawan R, Hanindita MH. 2022. The composition of carbohydrate and fat consumption among obese adolescents in Surabaya and Sidoarjo. Media Gizi Indones 17(1):62–69. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v17i1.62-69
Grace GA, Edward S, Gopalakrishnan S. 2021. Dietary habits and obesity among adolescent school children: A case control study in an urban area of Kancheepuram District. Indian J Community Med 46(4):637–640. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM
Hutabarat AHH, Triawanti T, Yuliana I. 2020. Hubungan aktivitas fisik dan asupan kalori dengan status gizi lebih siswa SMA di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Teluk Dalam. Homeostatis 3(2):265–270.
[IPAQ] International Physical Activity Questionnaire. 2005. Scoring protocol for the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). https://sites.google.com/view/ipaq/score?authuser=0#h.b1usgl17lvis [Accessed 3rd February 2023].
Jayanti YD, Novananda NE. 2017. Hubungan pengetahuan tentang gizi seimbang dengan status gizi pada remaja putri kelas XI Akuntansi 2 (di SMK PGRI 2 Kota Kediri). J Kebidanan 6(2):100–108. https://doi.org/10.35890/jkdh.v6i2.38
Kaur P, Sharma SK, Sharma S. 2016. Relationship of junk food consumption and body mass index among adolescents. Indian J Community Heal Nurs 3(1):8–11.
[MoH RI] Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. 2018a. Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta (ID): MoH RI.
[MoH RI] Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. 2018b. Laporan Provinsi DKI Jakarta: Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta (ID): MoH RI.
Markuri TD, Ashan H. 2021. The relationship of physical activity and nutritional status among the students of SMKN 03 Muko-Muko District during covid-19 pandemic. Arsip Gizi dan Pangan 6(2):122–130. https://doi.org/10.22236/argipa.v6i2.6786
Merita M, Aisah A, Aulia S. 2018. Status gizi dan aktivitas fisik dengan status hidrasi pada remaja di SMA Negeri 5 Kota Jambi. J Ilmu Kesehat Masy 9(3):207–215. https://doi.org/10.26553/jikm.v9i3.313
Mukhlisa WNI, Rahayu LS, Furqon M. 2018. Asupan energi dan konsumsi makanan ringan berhubungan dengan kejadian gizi lebih pada remaja. Argipa 3(2):59–66.
Murti H. 2017. Hubungan Asupan Gizi, Kebiasaan Konsumsi, dan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Kejadian Gizi Lebih Pada Remaja di SMA Negeri 34 Jakarta Tahun 2017 [Undergraduate Thesis]. Jakarta: Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran”.
Mutia A, Jumiyati J, Kusdalinah K. 2022. Pola makan dan aktivitas fisik terhadap kejadian obesitas remaja pada masa pandemi Covid-19. J Nutr Coll 11(1):26–34. https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v11i1.32070
Nagata JM, Smith N, Alsamman S, Lee CM, Dooley EE, Kiss O, Ganson KT, Wing D, Baker FC, Gabriel KP. 2023. Association of physical activity and screen time with body mass index among US adolescents. Jama Netw Open 6(2):e2255466. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.55466
Nuzulla NH. 2022. Gambaran Konsumsi Makanan Cepat Saji dan Aktivitas Fisik Pada Pasien Rawat Jalan Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di RSNU Tuban [Undergraduate Thesis]. Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyyah Surakarta.
Paschaleri Z, Arabatzi F, Papitsa A, Giagazoglou P, Kellis E. 2016. Physical activity, physical fitness and overweight in early schoolchildren. J Sports Med Doping Stud 6(178):2161–0673. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0673.1000178
Pusparani NE. 2022. Hubungan Pengetahuan Gizi Seimbang, Asupan Lemak, dan Asupan Karbohidrat dengan Kejadian Overweight Pada Remaja di SMA N 4 Surakarta [Undergraduate Thesis]. Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Putri VO. 2019. Gambaran Asupan Lemak, Body Image, dan Status Gizi Pada Siswi SMA Negeri 9 Bandung [Undergraduate Thesis]. Bandung: Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Bandung.
Ramayanti M. 2020. Hubungan Screen Time, Aktivitas Fisik, dan Besarnya Uang Saku dengan Status Gizi Lebih Pada Remaja Usia 15–18 Tahun di SMA Negeri 3 Tambun Selatan [Undergraduate Thesis]. Jakarta: Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran”.
Ray A, Dhir A, Bala PK, Kaur P. 2019. Why do people use food delivery apps (FDA)? A uses and gratification theory perspective. J Retail Consum Serv 51:221–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.05.025
Sandy Y, Permatasari T, Pratiwi C, Damanik K. 2023. Online food consumption dan asupan kalsium terhadap status gizi remaja di Kota Medan. J Gipas 7(1):77–90. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jgipas.2023.7.1.8556
Sari NNP. 2018. Frekuensi Konsumsi Junk Food, Status Gizi dan Usia Menarche Pada Siswi SMP Dharma Praja Kabupaten Badung Provinsi Bali [Undergraduate Thesis]. Denpasar: Poltekkes Denpasar.
Statista. 2023a. Number of users of the online food delivery market in Indonesia from 2017 to 2024, by segment. https://www.statista.com/forecasts/1227097/users-online-food-delivery-indonesia-by-segment [Accessed 1st June 2023].
Statista. 2023b. Online food delivery - Worldwide.
https://www.statista.com/outlook/dmo/online-food-delivery/worldwide?currency=usd [Accessed 1st June 2023].
Supardan R. 2021. Perancangan Informasi Edukasi Malas Gerak (MAGER) Melalui Media Komik Webtoon [Undergraduate Thesis]. Bandung: Universitas Komputer Indonesia.
Suryadi DF, Ilyas MIF. 2018. Adopsi Online Food Delivery Services Bagi Wirausaha Pemula di Kota Makassar (Studi Kasus pada Big Bananas). Pros Seminar Nasional Hasil Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2018 (page 75–80). Makassar (ID): Politenik Negeri Ujung Pandang
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2023. BMI for age (5–19 Years). https://www.who.int/tools/growth-reference-data-for-5to19-years/indicators/bmi-for-age [Accessed 20th November 2023].
Wiastuti RD, Prawira O, Lusyana, Lestari NS, Masatip A, Ngatemin. 2022. The relationship between convenience motivation, attitude, and behavioral intention of food delivery applications’ users. Geoj Tour Geosites 41 (2):548–554. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.41228-862
Widiastuti AO, Widiyaningsih EN. 2023. Relationship Physical Activity with Nutritional Status of High School in Surakarta. Pros 16th Urecol Seri MIPA dan Kesehatan (page 66–74). Yogyakarta (ID): Perguruan Tinggi Muhammadiyah 'Aisyiyah (PTMA)
Wulandari DT. 2017. Hubungan antara asupan karbohidrat dan lemak dengan kejadian overweight pada remaja di SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Kartasura Kabupaten Sukoharjo. J Ris Kesehat 9(1):54–64. https://doi.org/10.34011/juriskesbdg.v9i1.290
Yahya A. 2020. Hubungan Penggunaan Aplikasi Pesan-Antar Makanan Online, Asupan Zat Gizi Makro, dan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Kejadian Obesitas Remaja di Kota Surabaya [Undergraduate Thesis]. Surabaya: Universitas Airlangga.
Yanti R, Nova M, Rahmi A. 2021. Asupan energi, asupan lemak, aktivitas fisik dan pengetahuan, berhubungan dengan gizi lebih pada remaja SMA. J Kesehat Perintis 8(1):45–53. https://doi.org/10.33653/jkp.v8i1.592
Zion AMTH. 2019. Food delivery apps: Usage and demographics — Winners, losers and laggards. https://www.zionandzion.com/research/food-delivery-apps-usage-and-demographics-winners-losers-and-laggards/ [Accessed 18th June 2023].
Authors
SonyA. G. C., IlmiI. M. B., SofianitaN. I., & OctariaY. C. (2024). Relationship between Use of Food Delivery Applications, Fat Intake, Physical Activity and Weight Status among Students. Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan, 19(Supp.2), 191-200. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2024.19.Supp.2.191-200
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