Plant Parasitic Nematode of Strawberry in Ciwidey-West Java
Abstrak
Stroberi merupakan tanaman hortikultura yang banyak dibudidayakan di dataran tinggi. Salah satu hambatan dalam produksi stroberi ialah infeksi nematoda parasit tanaman. Kecamatan Ciwidey merupakan salah satu sentra produksi stroberi di Kabupaten Bandung, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Beberapa kebun stroberi di Ciwidey menunjukkan gejala serangan nematoda yang memakan bagian akar dan tajuk tanaman. Laporan nematoda parasit tanaman pada tanaman stroberi di Indonesia masih terbatas sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi genus nematoda yang berasosiasi dengan stroberi dan menghitung kelimpahannya. Sampel tanaman diambil dengan metode pemilihan dengan sengaja pada tanaman yang bergejala. Sampel tanah diekstraksi dengan metode flotasi sentrifugasi, sampel akar dengan metode pengabutan; sedangkan sampel daun dipotong-potong, direndam di dalam cawan, lalu diinkubasi di lemari pendingin selama 24 jam. Nematoda diidentifikasi dan dihitung kelimpahannya. Gejala serangan nematoda parasit tanaman yang ditemukan pada tajuk tanaman stroberi berupa pertumbuhan terhambat, daun memerah, daun kecil menggulung atau berkerut, dan klorosis. Gejala pada akar ialah berupa lesio akar, akar memendek, jumlah akar berkurang, pembengkakan pada ujung akar, dan puru akar. Nematoda dari seluruh sampel ialah Aphelenchoides besseyi, A. bicaudatus, Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus sp., Scutellonema sp., dan Tylenchus sp. Kelimpahan nematoda yang didapatkan bervariasi antara 1–42 ekor nematoda 100 mL-1 tanah dan 2–29 ekor 5 g akar-1 . Diantara nematoda yang ditemukan, Scutellonema merupakan nematoda yang pertama kali dilaporkan berasosiasi dengan tanaman stroberi di Indonesia.
Unduh
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