Korelasi Keparahan Penyakit Layu Fusarium dengan Kelimpahan Fusarium oxysporum dan Fitonematoda: Studi Kasus Perkebunan Pisang PTPN VIII Parakansalak
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense ialah patogen tular tanah yang menginfeksi tanaman pisang dan menyebabkan penyakit layu. Beberapa penelitian menyatakan fitonematoda mempunyai peran dalam membantu proses infeksi patogen penyebab layu. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat hubungan antara fitonematoda dan Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense dari tanah dan perakaran pisang yang terserang layu fusarium. Tanah diperoleh dari tanaman pisang yang terinfeksi sesuai skoring keparahan penyakit layu fusarium yang berbeda. Sampel dikompositkan berdasarkan skor yang sama, lalu populasi masing-masing patogen dihitung di laboratorium. Hasil populasi absolut fitonematoda tertinggi ialah sebesar 77 ekor g-1 diperoleh pada tanah dengan skor keparahan penyakit 4; dan terkecil pada skor 2 sebesar 16 ekor g-1. Pada sampel akar tertinggi pada tanaman skor 0 sebesar 85 ekor g-1 dan terendah pada skor 3 sebesar 33 ekor g-1. Fitonematoda yang ditemukan ialah Helicotylenchus spp. dan Radopholus spp. Penghitungan Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense dengan metode konvensional menunjukkan kelimpahan Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense paling tinggi pada tanaman skor 1 sebesar 8.1 × 103 cfu g-1 tanah dan terendah pada tanaman dengan skor 0 sebesar 1.0 × 103 cfu g-1 tanah. Pengaruh Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense terhadap keparahan penyakit layu fusarium menunjukkan hubungan positif sebesar 8.3% dan dapat menyebabkan penyakit layu sebesar 0.6%. Patogen ini dapat menyebabkan layu fusarium pada pisang tanpa bantuan spesies fitonematoda yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini.
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References
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