Minimum Acceptable Diet and its Associated Factors among Children Aged 6–23 Months in Indonesia
Article Sidebar
Issue
Vol. 18 No. 1 (2023)
Accepted
11 November 2022
Published
30 March 2023
Keywords:
-
children, dietary diversity, meal frequency, minimum acceptable diet
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the fulfillment of the Minimum Dietary Diversity for children (MDD), the Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF), and the Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD) and analyze the correlation between individual, socioeconomic, and demographic characteristics and the MAD in children between the ages of 6 and 23 months in Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional study design. The subjects were 798 children between the ages of 6 and 23 months in Indonesia from a National Total Diet Study. The data collection on the MDD, the MMF, and the MAD used twenty-four-hour dietary recall. The chi-square and multiple logistic regression models were applied in this study with a p-value<0.05 considered significant predictors of outcome variables. The MDD, MMF, and MAD were met by 63.9%, 91.3%, and 61.8% of children, respectively. Significant positive relationships of child's age, mother's educational status, and area of residence (p<0.001) to the MAD. The determinants factors of MAD were the child's age (p<0.05; OR=7.06; 95% CI:3.46–14.38) and area of residence (p<0.05; OR=1.61; 95% CI:1.19–2.15). In conclusion, it is still necessary to improve the fulfillment of the MAD (a combined indicator of the MDD and the MMF). The government's role is to provide balanced nutritional child feeding programs based on local food, strengthen behavior change communication to meet nutritionally balanced complementary foods for children, and improve child nutrition services at posyandu.
References
Acharya A, Pradhan MR, Das AK. 2021. Determinants of minimum acceptable diet feeding among children aged 6–23 months in Odisha, India. Public Health Nutr 24(12):3834–3844. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980021002172
Ahmad A, Madanijah S, Dwiriani CM, Kolopaking R. 2018. Iron deficiency risk factors in undernourished children aged 6–23 months in Aceh, Indonesia. J Gizi Pangan 13(3):145–156. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2018.13.3.145-156
Ahmad A, Madanijah S, Dwiriani CM, Kolopaking R. 2019. Mother's knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and practice of giving complementary feeding to children aged 6–23 months: A formative study in Aceh J Gizi Klinik Indones 16(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.34560
Ali M, Arif M, Shah AA. 2021. Complementary feeding practices and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Pakistan. Plos One 16(2):e0247602. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247602
Beyene M, Worku AG, Wassie MM. 2015 Dietary diversity, meal frequency and associated factors among infant and young children in Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 15:1007–1016. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2333-x
Birie B, Kassa A, Kebede E, Terefe B. 2021. Minimum acceptable diet practice and its associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in rural communities of Goncha district, north West Ethiopia. BMC Nutrition 7(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-021-00444-0
[DHS] Demographic and Health Survey. 2021. Nutrition indicator data: Minimum meal frequency. https://dhsprogram.com/Topics/Nutrition/index.cfm [Accessed 19th December 2021].
dela Luna KLG, Bullecer ER. 2020. Rural and urban differences in household food insecurity and diet diversity. Acta Medica Philippina 54(5). https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v54i5.2254
Gizaw G, Tesfaye G. 2019. Minimum acceptable diet and factor associated with it among infant and young children age 6–23 months in North Shoa, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Int J Homeopathy Nat Med 5(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhnm.20190501.11
Guirindola MO, Maniego MLV, Silvestre CJ, Acuin CCS. 2018. Determinants of meeting the minimum acceptable diet among Filipino children aged 6–23 months. Philipp J Sci 147(1):75–89.
Hasanah WK, Mastuti NLPH, Ulfah M. 2020. Hubungan praktik pemberian MP-ASI (usia awal pemberian, konsistensi, jumlah dan frekuensi) dengan status gizi Bbayi 7–23 bulan. Journal of Issues in Midwifery 3(3):56–67. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.JOIM.2019.003.03.1
[IDHS] Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. 2012. DHS final report. https://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-fr275-dhs-final-reports.cfm [Accessed 12th December 2021].
Keno S, Bikila H, Shibiru T, Etafa W. 2021. Dietary diversity and associated factors among children aged 6 to 23 months in Chelia District, Ethiopia. BMC Pediatrics 21(1):565. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-03040-0
Khor GL, Tan SY, Tan KL, Chan PS, Amarra MSV. 2016. Compliance with WHO IYCF indicators and dietary intake adequacy in a sample of Malaysian infants aged 6–23 months. Nutrients 8(12):778. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8120778
Lemeshow S, Hosmer DW, Klar J, Lwanga SK. 1997. Sample Size in Health Research. Yogyakarta (ID): Gadjah Mada University Press.
[MoH RI] Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. 2021. Buku Saku. Hasil Studi Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) Tingkat Nasional, Provinsi, dan Kabupaten/Kota Tahun 2021. Jakarta (ID): Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia.
Molla A, Egata G, Getacher L, Kebede B, Sayih A, Arega M, Bante A. 2021 Minimum acceptable diet and associated factors among infants and young children aged 6–23 months in Amhara region, Central Ethiopia: Community-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 11(5):e044284. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044284
Mulat E, Alem G, Woyraw W, Temesgen H. 2019. Uptake of minimum acceptable diet among children aged 6–23 months in orthodox religion followers during fasting season in rural area, DEMBECHA, north West Ethiopia. BMC Nutrition 5(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-019-0274-y
Mulaw GF, Feleke FW, Masresha SA. 2020. Maternal characteristics are associated with child dietary diversity score, in Golina District, Northeast Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. J Nutr Metab 2020:6702036. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6702036
Ng SC, Dibley MJ, Agho KE. 2012. Complementary feeding indicators and determinants of poor feeding practices in Indonesia: A secondary analysis of 2007 Demographic and Health Survey data. Public Health Nutr 15(5):827–839. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980011002485
Saaka M, Larbi A, Mutaru S, Hoeschle-Zeledon I. 2016. Magnitude and factors associated with appropriate complementary feeding among children 6–23 months in Northern Ghana. BMC Nutrition 2(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-015-0037-3
Sekartaji R, Suza DE, Fauziningtyas R, Almutairi WM, Susanti IA, Astutik E, Efendi F. 2021. Dietary diversity and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia. J Pediatr Nurs 56:30–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.10.006
Solomon D, Aderaw Z, Tegegne TK. 2017. Minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int J Equity Health 16(1):181. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-017-0680-1
Tassew AA, Tekle DY, Belachew AB, Adhena BM. 2019. Factors affecting feeding 6–23 months age children according to minimum acceptable diet in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis of the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey. Plos One 14(2):e0203098. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203098
Teshome F, Tadele A. 2022. Trends and determinants of minimum acceptable diet intake among infant and young children aged 6–23months in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis of Ethiopian demographic and health survey. BMC Nutrition 8(1):44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-022-00533-8
Wagris M, Seid A, Kahssay M, Ahmed O. 2019. Minimum meal frequency practice and its associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Amibara District, North East Ethiopia. J Environ Public Health 2019:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8240864
Woldegebriel AG, Desta AA, Gebreegziabiher G, Berhe AA, Ajemu KF, and Woldearegay TW. 2020. Dietary diversity and associated factors among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia: Analysis of Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2016 (EDHS 2016). Int J Pediatr 2020:3040845. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3040845
Worku MG, Alamneh TS, Tesema GA, Alem AZ, Tessema ZT, Liyew AM , Yigizie Yeshaw Y, and Teshale AB. 2022. Minimum acceptable diet feeding practice and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in east Africa: A multilevel binary logistic regression analysis of 2008–2018 demographic health survey data. Arch Public Health 80(1):127 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-022-00882-7
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2010. Indicators for Assessing Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices Part 2: Measurement. Geneva (CH): World Health Organization.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2020. Proportion of children 6–23 months of age who received a minimum acceptable diet. https://www.who.int/data/maternal-newborn-child-adolescent-ageing [Accessed 27th December 2021].
[WHO & UNICEF] World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund. 2021. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: Definitions and measurement methods. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240018389 [Accessed 28th October 2021].
Yisak H, Ambaw B, Walle Z, Alebachew B, Ewunete A. 2020. Minimum acceptable diet and associated factors among HIV-exposed children aged 6–24 months in Debre Tabor Town, Ethiopia. Research and Palliative Care 12(2020):639–645. https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S274764
Zhu Z, Cheng Y, Qi Q, Lu Y, Ma S, Li S, Li H, Elhoumed M, Tsegaye S, Fawzi WW et al. 2020. Association of infant and young child feeding practices with cognitive development at 10–12 years: A birth cohort in rural Western China. Br J Nutr 123(7):768–779. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114519003271
Ahmad A, Madanijah S, Dwiriani CM, Kolopaking R. 2018. Iron deficiency risk factors in undernourished children aged 6–23 months in Aceh, Indonesia. J Gizi Pangan 13(3):145–156. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2018.13.3.145-156
Ahmad A, Madanijah S, Dwiriani CM, Kolopaking R. 2019. Mother's knowledge, attitudes, motivation, and practice of giving complementary feeding to children aged 6–23 months: A formative study in Aceh J Gizi Klinik Indones 16(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.34560
Ali M, Arif M, Shah AA. 2021. Complementary feeding practices and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Pakistan. Plos One 16(2):e0247602. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247602
Beyene M, Worku AG, Wassie MM. 2015 Dietary diversity, meal frequency and associated factors among infant and young children in Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 15:1007–1016. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2333-x
Birie B, Kassa A, Kebede E, Terefe B. 2021. Minimum acceptable diet practice and its associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in rural communities of Goncha district, north West Ethiopia. BMC Nutrition 7(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-021-00444-0
[DHS] Demographic and Health Survey. 2021. Nutrition indicator data: Minimum meal frequency. https://dhsprogram.com/Topics/Nutrition/index.cfm [Accessed 19th December 2021].
dela Luna KLG, Bullecer ER. 2020. Rural and urban differences in household food insecurity and diet diversity. Acta Medica Philippina 54(5). https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v54i5.2254
Gizaw G, Tesfaye G. 2019. Minimum acceptable diet and factor associated with it among infant and young children age 6–23 months in North Shoa, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Int J Homeopathy Nat Med 5(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhnm.20190501.11
Guirindola MO, Maniego MLV, Silvestre CJ, Acuin CCS. 2018. Determinants of meeting the minimum acceptable diet among Filipino children aged 6–23 months. Philipp J Sci 147(1):75–89.
Hasanah WK, Mastuti NLPH, Ulfah M. 2020. Hubungan praktik pemberian MP-ASI (usia awal pemberian, konsistensi, jumlah dan frekuensi) dengan status gizi Bbayi 7–23 bulan. Journal of Issues in Midwifery 3(3):56–67. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.JOIM.2019.003.03.1
[IDHS] Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. 2012. DHS final report. https://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-fr275-dhs-final-reports.cfm [Accessed 12th December 2021].
Keno S, Bikila H, Shibiru T, Etafa W. 2021. Dietary diversity and associated factors among children aged 6 to 23 months in Chelia District, Ethiopia. BMC Pediatrics 21(1):565. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-03040-0
Khor GL, Tan SY, Tan KL, Chan PS, Amarra MSV. 2016. Compliance with WHO IYCF indicators and dietary intake adequacy in a sample of Malaysian infants aged 6–23 months. Nutrients 8(12):778. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8120778
Lemeshow S, Hosmer DW, Klar J, Lwanga SK. 1997. Sample Size in Health Research. Yogyakarta (ID): Gadjah Mada University Press.
[MoH RI] Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. 2021. Buku Saku. Hasil Studi Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) Tingkat Nasional, Provinsi, dan Kabupaten/Kota Tahun 2021. Jakarta (ID): Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia.
Molla A, Egata G, Getacher L, Kebede B, Sayih A, Arega M, Bante A. 2021 Minimum acceptable diet and associated factors among infants and young children aged 6–23 months in Amhara region, Central Ethiopia: Community-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 11(5):e044284. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044284
Mulat E, Alem G, Woyraw W, Temesgen H. 2019. Uptake of minimum acceptable diet among children aged 6–23 months in orthodox religion followers during fasting season in rural area, DEMBECHA, north West Ethiopia. BMC Nutrition 5(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-019-0274-y
Mulaw GF, Feleke FW, Masresha SA. 2020. Maternal characteristics are associated with child dietary diversity score, in Golina District, Northeast Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. J Nutr Metab 2020:6702036. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6702036
Ng SC, Dibley MJ, Agho KE. 2012. Complementary feeding indicators and determinants of poor feeding practices in Indonesia: A secondary analysis of 2007 Demographic and Health Survey data. Public Health Nutr 15(5):827–839. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980011002485
Saaka M, Larbi A, Mutaru S, Hoeschle-Zeledon I. 2016. Magnitude and factors associated with appropriate complementary feeding among children 6–23 months in Northern Ghana. BMC Nutrition 2(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-015-0037-3
Sekartaji R, Suza DE, Fauziningtyas R, Almutairi WM, Susanti IA, Astutik E, Efendi F. 2021. Dietary diversity and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia. J Pediatr Nurs 56:30–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.10.006
Solomon D, Aderaw Z, Tegegne TK. 2017. Minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int J Equity Health 16(1):181. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-017-0680-1
Tassew AA, Tekle DY, Belachew AB, Adhena BM. 2019. Factors affecting feeding 6–23 months age children according to minimum acceptable diet in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis of the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey. Plos One 14(2):e0203098. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203098
Teshome F, Tadele A. 2022. Trends and determinants of minimum acceptable diet intake among infant and young children aged 6–23months in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis of Ethiopian demographic and health survey. BMC Nutrition 8(1):44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-022-00533-8
Wagris M, Seid A, Kahssay M, Ahmed O. 2019. Minimum meal frequency practice and its associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Amibara District, North East Ethiopia. J Environ Public Health 2019:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8240864
Woldegebriel AG, Desta AA, Gebreegziabiher G, Berhe AA, Ajemu KF, and Woldearegay TW. 2020. Dietary diversity and associated factors among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia: Analysis of Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2016 (EDHS 2016). Int J Pediatr 2020:3040845. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3040845
Worku MG, Alamneh TS, Tesema GA, Alem AZ, Tessema ZT, Liyew AM , Yigizie Yeshaw Y, and Teshale AB. 2022. Minimum acceptable diet feeding practice and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in east Africa: A multilevel binary logistic regression analysis of 2008–2018 demographic health survey data. Arch Public Health 80(1):127 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-022-00882-7
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2010. Indicators for Assessing Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices Part 2: Measurement. Geneva (CH): World Health Organization.
[WHO] World Health Organization. 2020. Proportion of children 6–23 months of age who received a minimum acceptable diet. https://www.who.int/data/maternal-newborn-child-adolescent-ageing [Accessed 27th December 2021].
[WHO & UNICEF] World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund. 2021. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices: Definitions and measurement methods. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240018389 [Accessed 28th October 2021].
Yisak H, Ambaw B, Walle Z, Alebachew B, Ewunete A. 2020. Minimum acceptable diet and associated factors among HIV-exposed children aged 6–24 months in Debre Tabor Town, Ethiopia. Research and Palliative Care 12(2020):639–645. https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S274764
Zhu Z, Cheng Y, Qi Q, Lu Y, Ma S, Li S, Li H, Elhoumed M, Tsegaye S, Fawzi WW et al. 2020. Association of infant and young child feeding practices with cognitive development at 10–12 years: A birth cohort in rural Western China. Br J Nutr 123(7):768–779. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114519003271
Authors
PranitaR. F., BriawanD., EkayantiI., & TriwinartoA. (2023). Minimum Acceptable Diet and its Associated Factors among Children Aged 6–23 Months in Indonesia. Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan, 18(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2023.18.1.1-10
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Article Details
