Khamir Filoplan pada Kakao dan Kemampuannya Menghambat Phytophthora palmivora In Vitro
Khamir Filoplan pada Kakao dan Kemampuannya Menghambat Phytophthora palmivora In Vitro
Abstrak
Kakao merupakan komoditas perkebunan yang bernilai ekonomis, namun dalam pembudidayaannya sering kali menghadapi tantangan yang cukup besar yaitu penyakit busuk buah yang disebabkan oleh Phytophthora palmivora. Khamir filoplan memiliki peran yang penting dalam melindungi permukaan tanaman dari infeksi patogen. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengisolasi khamir filoplan pada buah kakao dan menentukan sebagai agens pengendali hayati untuk mengendalikan P. palmivora. Kegiatan meliputi isolasi khamir dari buah kakao muda, tua, dan busuk dan mengujinya sebagai antagonis P. palmivora. Temuan penelitian ini menghasilkan delapan isolat khamir yang signifikan dalam menghambat pertumbuhan P. palmivora, yaitu Debaryomyces sp, Metschnikowia sp, Zygosaccharomyces sp, Candida sp, Wickerhamomyces sp, dan Cryptococcus sp. Khamir Candida sp.2 dan Wickerhamomyces sp. sebagai spesies yang memiliki tingkat efek penghambatan yang resisten secara konsisten, mencapai persentase penghambatan masing-masing 36.26% (10.8 mm) dan 34.44% (9.6 mm).
Unduh
Referensi
Adeniyi DO, Asogwa EU. 2023. Complexes and diversity of pathogens and insect pests of cocoa tree. Forest Microbiology. 3:285–311. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-18694-3.00002-X.
Arini R, Sutariati KGA, Khaeruni A, Wijayanto T, Putri NP, Joko T. 2021. Control activity and antibiotic gene detection of endophytic bacteria in suppressing cocoa black pod disease (Phytophthora palmivora Butl). Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 55(6):727–732. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18805/IJARe.A-659.
Azni INAM, Sundram S, Ramachandran V. 2019. Pathogenicity of Malaysian Phytophthora palmivora on cocoa, durian, rubber and oil palm determines the threat of bud rot disease. Forest Pathology. 49(6):e12557. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12557.
Brysch-Herzberg M, Jia GS, Seidel M, Assali I, Du L. 2022. Insights into the ecology of Schizosaccharomyces species in natural and artificial habitats. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 115(5):661–695. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-022-01720-0.
Delgado-Ospina J, Triboletti S, Alessandria V, Serio A, Sergi M, Paparella A, Rantsiou K, Chaves-López C. 2020. Functional biodiversity of yeasts isolated from Colombian fermented and dry cocoa beans. Microorganisms. 8(7):1–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8071086.
Fourie R, Pohl CH. 2019. Beyond antagonism: the interaction between Candida species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Fungi. 5(2):1–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jof5020034.
Giovati L, Ciociola T, De Simone T, Conti S, Magliani W. 2021. Wickerhamomyces yeast killer toxins’ medical applications. Toxins. 13(9):655. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13090655.
Gouka L, Raaijmakers JM, Cordovez V. 2022. Ecology and functional potential of phyllosphere yeasts. Trends in Plant Science. 27(11):1109–1123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2022.06.007.
Jacques N, Zenouche A, Gunde-Cimerman N, Casaregola S. 2015. Increased diversity in the genus Debaryomyces from Arctic glacier samples. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 107:487–501. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-014-0345-7.
Khaeruni A, Hiqmawati A, Satrah VN, Sutariati GA, Wijayanto T, Rahni NM. 2023. Effectiveness and synergistic of endophytic bacteria in inhibiting the development of cocoa black pod rot disease (Phytophthora palmivora Bult In: 4th International Conference of Animal Science and Technology (ICAST 2021); 2023 Jun 05; Makassar, South Sulawesi (ID). AIP Conference Proceedings. pp. 1–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0145270.
Khunnamwong P, Lertwattanasakul N, Jindamorakot S, Suwannarach N, Matsui K, Limtong S. 2020. Evaluation of antagonistic activity and mechanisms of endophytic yeasts against pathogenic fungi causing economic crop diseases. Folia microbiologica. 65(3):573–590. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-019-00764-6.
Kowalska J, Krzymińska J, Tyburski J. 2022. Yeasts as a potential biological agent in plant disease protection and yield improvement—A short review. Agriculture. 12(9):1404. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091404.
Marlina D, Antriyandarti E, Kusnandar K. 2023. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Indonesian Cocoa Exports to the United States, the Netherlands and India. Universal Journal of Agricultural Research. 11(5): 893–905. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/ujar.2023.110514.
Merga, J. 2022. Epidemiology and management strategies of cocoa black pod (Phytophthora spp.). Plant Pathology & Quarantine. 12(1):34–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5943/ppq/12/1/2.
Neto AA, Santos TR, Duarte EA, de Oliveira TA, de Andrade Silva EM, Uetanabaro AP, da Costa AM, Luz ED, Laranjeira D. 2021. Yeasts associated with aerial parts of Theobroma cacao L. in southern Bahia, Brazil, as prospective biocontrol agents against Moniliophthora perniciosa. Tropical Plant Pathology. 46:109–128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-020-00418-w.
Oztekin S, Karbancioglu-Guler F. 2021. Bioprospection of Metschnikowia sp. isolates as biocontrol agents against postharvest fungal decays on lemons with their potential modes of action. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 181(12):111634. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2021.111634.
Oztekin S, Dikmetas DN, Devecioglu D, Acar EG, Karbancioglu-Guler F. 2023. Recent insights into the use of antagonistic yeasts for sustainable biomanagement of postharvest pathogenic and mycotoxigenic fungi in fruits with their prevention strategies against mycotoxins. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 71(26):9923–9950. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00315.
Perrine-Walker, F. 2020. Phytophthora palmivora–cocoa Interaction. Journal of Fungi. 6(3):167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6030167.
Salazar MMM, Alvarez OLM, Castaneda MPA, Medina PXL. 2022. Bioprospecting of indigenous yeasts involved in cocoa fermentation using sensory and chemical strategies for selecting a starter inoculum. Food Microbiology. 101:103896. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2021.103896.
Satianpakiranakorn P, Khunnamwong P, Limtong S. 2020. Yeast communities of secondary peat swamp forests in Thailand and their antagonistic activities against fungal pathogens cause of plant and postharvest fruit diseases. PLoS One. 15(3):e0230269. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230269.
Sukmawati D, Andrianto MH, Arman Z, Ratnaningtyas NI, Al Husna SN, El-Enshasy HA, Dailin D, Kenawy AA. 2020. Antagonistic activity of phylloplane yeasts from Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves against Aspergillus flavus UNJCC F-30 from chicken feed. Indian Phytopathol. 73:79–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42360-020-00194-2.
Sukmawati D, Firhandini A, Nurkhasanah S, Khumaiya U, Gunadi SA, Supiyani A, Al Husna SN, El Enshasy H, Dailin DJ, Sriherwanto C. (2024). The effect of yeast antagonist isolated from the fermentation of cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao) from Lampung, Indonesia, on the growth of Aspergillus flavus UNJCC F-55. KnE Life Sciences. 75–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v8i1.15398.
Sukorini H, Aigahayunindy FW, Septia ED, Khewkhom N. 2021. Exploration and effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. from Jember and Trenggalek, East Java, Indonesia cacao plantation as a biological control of Phytophthora palmivora. In: 1st International Conference on Bioenergy and Environmentally Sustainable Agriculture Technology (ICoN BEAT 2019); 2021 Jan 05; Malang, East Java (ID). E3S Web of Conferences. 26:00022. pp. 1–4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202122600022.
Tovar MDL, Tibasosa G, González CM, Alvarez KB, Hernandez MDPL, Villamizar FR. 2021. Isolation and identification of microbial species found in cocoa fermentation as microbial starter culture candidates for cocoa bean fermentation in Colombia. Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal). 36(3):236–248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v36i3.443.
Wang J, Coffey MD, De Maio N, Goss EM. 2020. Repeated global migrations on different plant hosts by the tropical pathogen Phytophthora palmivora. BioRxiv. 2020-05. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.13.093211.
Zhang X, Li B, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Tian S. Antagonistic yeasts: a promising alternative to chemical fungicides for controlling postharvest decay of fruit. 2020. Journal of Fungi. 6(3):158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6030158.
Zhao X, Zhou J, Tian R, Liu Y. 2022. Microbial volatile organic compounds: antifungal mechanisms, applications, and challenges. Frontiers in Microbiology. 13:922450. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.922450.
##submission.copyrightStatement##
##submission.license.cc.by-sa4.footer##Authors who publish in Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia agree to the following terms:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
