Variasi Morfologi dan Karakteristik Molekuler Isolat Phytophthora palmivora dari Beberapa Area Pertanaman Kakao serta Virulensinya Pada Kakao Klon Sulawesi 2
Abstrak
Variasi Morfologi dan Karakteristik Molekuler Isolat Phytophthora palmivora dari Beberapa Area Pertanaman Kakao serta Virulensinya Pada Kakao Klon Sulawesi 2
Karakterisasi morfologi, molekuler, dan virulensi isolat P. palmivora yang diperoleh dari lokasi berbeda dapat memberikan informasi yang berguna dalam upaya pengendalian penyakit busuk buah kakao. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi variasi morfologi dan karakteristik molekuler isolat P. palmivora dari berbagai tanaman kakao yang terkena penyakit busuk buah, serta mengevaluasi virulensinya pada klon kakao Sulawesi 2. Sebanyak 21 isolat P. palmivora diperoleh dari perkebunan kakao yang terinfeksi di Kabupaten Luwu, Gowa, dan Pinrang. Ciri morfologi isolat P. palmivora pada medium V-8 didominasi oleh bentuk stelata atau kapas, dan klamidospora terminal atau interkalar. Sporangium bervariasi antara isolat dari sumber yang berbeda, dan satu isolat memiliki sporangium unpapillate dan ellipsoid. Analisis filogenetik berdasarkan wilayah rDNA ITS menunjukkan bahwa semua sikuens dari penelitian ini bersarang di clade P. palmivora. Sebanyak 10 isolat P. palmivora (PA4, PA5, PI1, PI2, PI3, PI7, G2, G4, G6, G8) menunjukkan aktivitas virulensi yang tinggi, 9 isolat bersifat virulen dan hanya 1 isolat yang kurang virulen.
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Referensi
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