Parameter Genetik Hasil Persilangan Jagung Bersari Bebas untuk Mendapatkan Galur Berbiji Ungu

  • Hanif Kusuma Abadi Jurusan Agroteknologi, Universitas Bangka Belitung, Balunjuk, Merawang, Bangka, Bangka Belitung 33172
  • Eries Dyah Mustikarini Jurusan Agroteknologi, Universitas Bangka Belitung, Balunjuk, Merawang, Bangka, Bangka Belitung 33172
  • Gigih Ibnu Prayoga Jurusan Agroteknologi, Universitas Bangka Belitung, Balunjuk, Merawang, Bangka, Bangka Belitung 33172

Abstract

Corn (Zea mays) is a cereal crop and has become a staple food. Purple corn has more excess compared to corn in general. In addition, purple corn has high nutrient content and anthocyanin levels. This study aims to determine genetic parameters such as variability, heritability, and genetic advance of the F2 generation resulting from an open-pollinated hybridization. The research was conducted from January 2020 to June 2020 on the Research and Experimental Field of the Department of Agrotechnology, Universitas Bangka Belitung. The work used a single plant design. The lines used were derived from the results of the previous selection stage. The results showed that the phenotype variability was relatively wide on the weight character of ear cobs with cornhusk, and the cob weight without cornhusk. High heritability values are found in the characters of harvest age, age of male flowering, and age of female flowering. The value of expected genetic advance for high expectations is found in the characters of plant height, the row number of seeds, the weight of 100-seeds, and the weight of cob with cornhusk. The selection results suggest nine corn lines that can be used for the next generation selection.

 

Keywords: corn, expected genetic advance, heritability, purple, variability

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahmad SQ, Khan S, Ghaffar M, Ahmad F. 2011. Genetic diversity analysis for yield and other parameters in maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes. Asian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 3(5): 385388.

Aminasih, Nita. 2010. Penentuan Kriteria Seleksi 45 Galus Terigu (Triticum aestivum L.) Introduksi di Dempo Selatan, Pagar Alam, Sumatera Selatan. J. Penelitian Sains. 12:1(1-6).

Amzeri A. 2015. Dasar-dasar Pemuliaan Tanaman. Madura (ID): UTM-Press Bangkalan.

Amzeri A. 2019. Seleksi satu tongkol satu baris (ear to row selection) pada tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.). Rekayasa. 12(1): 1823. https://doi.org/10.21107/ rekayasa.v12i1.5228

Apriliyanti N, Soetopo L. 2016. Keragaman genetik pada generasi F3 cabai (Capsicum annuum Ll.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman. 4(3): 209217.

Barmawi M, Sa’diyah N, Yantama Y. 2013. Kemajuan genetik dan heritabilitas karakter agronomi kedelai (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) generasi F2 persilangan wilis dan Mlg2521. Prosiding Semirata FMIPA Universitas Lampung. Lampung (ID).

Bello OB, Abdulmaliq SY, Afolabi MS, Ige SA. 2010. Correlation and Path coefficient analysis of yield and agronomic characters among open pollinated maize varieties and their F1 hybrids in a diallel cross. African Journal of Biotechnology. 9(18): 26332639.

Bello OB. 2012. Heritability and genetic advance for grain yield and its related attributes in maize (Zea mays L.). J. Instasci. Micro. Biotech. 2:114.

CPVO. 2010. Protocol for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability Test Zea Mays L. Angers City, Community Plant Variety Office: France (FR).

Effendy, Respatijarti, Waluyo B. 2018. Genetic variability and heritability characters of yield component and yield of physalis (Physalis sp.). Jurnal Agro. 5(1): 3038. https://doi.org/ 10.15575/1864

Farnia, A. and Meysam, M. 2015. Study on Morphological Characteristics of Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars under Different Plant Densities. Indian Journal of Natural Sciences. 5(30): 43914397.

Handayani T, Hidayat I. 2012. Keragaman genetik dan heritabilitas beberapa karakter utama pada kedelai sayur dan implikasinya untuk seleksi perbaikan produksi. Jurnal Hortikultura. 22(4): 327333. https://doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v22n4.2012.p327-333

[IBPGR] International Board for Plant Genetic Resourses. 1991. Descriptors for Maize. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center: Mexico City, International Board for Plant Genetic Resourses: Rome.

Jameela H, Sugiharto AN, Soegianto A. 2014. Keragaman Genetik dan Heritabilitas Karakter Komponen Hasil pada Populasi F2 Buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Hasil Persilangan Varietas Introduksi dengan Varietas Lokal. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman. 2(4): 324329.

Kristamtini, Sutarno, Wiranti EW, Widyayanti S. 2016. Kemajuan Genetik dan Heritabilitas Karakter Agronomi Padi Beras Hitam pada Populasi F2. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan. 15(2). 119124. https://doi.org/10.21082/jpptp. v35n2.2016.p119-124

Khomaeni HS dan Suryadi B. 2015. Variabilitas dan Seleksi Awal Populasi Tanaman Teh Hasil Persilangan Buatan. Jurnal Penelitian Teh dan Kina. 14(2): 7277.

Kusuma R, Sa’diyah N, Nurmiaty Y. 2016. Keragaman Fenotipe dan Heritabilitas Kedelai (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) Generasi F6 Hasil Persilangan Wilis x Mlg 252. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan. 16(2): 8593. https://doi.org/10.25181/jppt.v16i2.88

Leisolo MK, Riry J, Matatula E. 2013. Pengujian Viabilitas dan Vigor Benih Beberapa Jenis Tanaman yang Beredar di Pasaran Kota Ambon. Jurnal Agrologia. 2(1): 19. https://doi.org/ 10.30598/a.v2i1.272

[Litbang] Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. 2016. Teknologi Budidaya Jagung. Lokal Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Sulawesi Barat. Sulawesi Barat.

Lubis K, Sutjahjo SH, Syukur M, Trikoesoemaningtyas. 2014. Pendugaan Parameter Genetik dan Seleksi Karakter Morfofisiologi Galur Jagung Introduksi di Lingkungan Tanah Masam. Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan. 33(2): 122128. https://doi.org/ 10.21082/jpptp.v33n2.2014.p122-128

Lubis K, Sutjahjo SH, Syukur M, Trikoesoemaningtyas. 2015. Penampilan Beberapa Karakter Morfofisiologi Galur Introduksi Jagung (Zea mays L.). Jurnal Pertanian Tropik. 2(3): 246250. https://doi.org/ 10.32734/jpt.v2i3.2927

Mangoendidjojo W. 2003. Dasar-dasar Pemuliaan Tanaman. Kanisius. Yoyakarta (ID). pp.182.

Maryenti T, Bermawi M, Prasetyo J. 2014. Heritabilitas dan Kemampuan Genetik Karakter Ketahan Kedelai Generasi F2 Persilangan Tanggamus x B3570 Terhadap Soybean Mosaic Virus. Jurnal Kelitbangan. 2(2): 137153.

Mendez-Natera JR, Rondon A, Hernandes J, Merazo Pinto JF. 2012. Genetic studies in upland cotton. III. Genetic parameters, correlation and path analysis. SABRAO. Journal of Breeding and Genetics. 44(1): 112128.

Moedjiono dan M. J. Mejaya. 1994. Variabilitas genetik beberapa karakter plasma nutfah jagung koleksi Balittas Malang. Zuriat. 5(2): 2732.

Natawijaya A. 2012. Seleksi generasi awal segregan F2 gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) untuk perbaikan daya hasil. Tesis. Sekolah Pascasarjana. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor (ID).

Nur A, Trikoesoemaningtyas N, Khumaida S, Yahya 2012. Evaluasi dan keragaman genetik 12 galur gandum introduksi di lingkungan tropika basah. Jurnal Agrivigor. 11: 230243.

Nzuve F, Githiri S, Mukunya DM, Gethi JF. 2014. Genetic variability and correlation studies of grain yield and related agronomic traits in maize. Journal of Agricultural Science 6(9): 166176. https:// doi.org/10.5539/jas.v6n9p166

Ramadhani R, Damanhuri, Purnamaningsih. 2013. Penampilan Sepuluh Genotipe Cabai Merah (Capsicum annum L.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman. 1(2): 3341.

Sa’diyah N, Ardiansyah S, Barmawi M. 2013. Pola Segregasi Karakter Agronomi Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) Generasi F2 Hasil Persilangan Wilis X Malang 2521. Lampung (ID): Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung.

Sadras VO, Slafer GA. 2012. Environmental modulation of yield components in cereals: Heritabilities reveal a hierarchy of phenotypic plasticities. Field Crop Research. 127: 215224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2011.11.014

Suharsono, Yusuf M, Paserang AP. 2006. Analisis ragam, heritabilitas dan pendugaan kemajuan seleksi populasi F2 dari persilangan kedelai kultivar Slamet x Nokonsawon. Jurnal Tanaman Tropika. 9(2): 86-93.

Suhendrata T. 2012. Introduksi Beberapa Jagung Komposit Varietas Unggul pada Lahan Kering Dalam Upaya Menunjang Kedaulatan Pangan di Kabupaten Sragen. Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Jawa Tengah. Semarang (ID).

Tatipata A, Yudono P, Purwantoro A, Mangoendidjojo W. 2004. Kajian aspek fisiologi dan biokimia deteriorasi benih kedelai dalam penyimpanan. Ilmu Pertanian. 11(2): 7687.

Syukur M, Sujiprihati S, dan Yunianti R. 2012. Teknik Pemuliaan Tanaman. Depok (ID): Penebar Swadaya.

Wirawan, D., Rosmayati LAP. Putri. 2013. Uji potensi produksi beberapa galur/varietas gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) di dataran tinggi Karo. Jurnal Online Agroekoteknologi. 2: 115.

Published
2021-07-28
How to Cite
AbadiH. K., MustikariniE. D., & PrayogaG. I. (2021). Parameter Genetik Hasil Persilangan Jagung Bersari Bebas untuk Mendapatkan Galur Berbiji Ungu. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 26(3), 450-458. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.26.3.450

Most read articles by the same author(s)