ESTIMASI STOK KARBON MANGROVE REHABILITASI DI PULAU HARAPAN DAN KELAPA, TAMAN NASIONAL KEPULAUAN SERIBU, JAKARTA
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Diterima
10 September 2022
Diterbitkan
30 August 2022
Kata Kunci:
-
mangrove, rehabilitasi, stok karbon, valuasi ekonomi
Abstrak
Restorasi ekosistem karbon biru, seperti mangrove, semakin banyak digunakan untuk mitigasi perubahan iklim dengan menghilangkan dan menyerap karbon di atmosfer. Rehabilitasi penanaman mangrove yang dilakukan oleh Balai Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu (TNKpS) sejak tahun 2005 di Kepulauan Seribu merupakan salah satu upaya penurunan emisi secara nasional. Namun, pertumbuhan mangrove dan persebaran mangrove cenderung tidak optimal dikarenakan kondisi lingkungan yang tidak mendukung. Hal ini tentu berdampak pada jumlah stok karbon yang tersimpan dalam mangrove. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mengestimasi potensi stok karbon pada mangrove rehabilitasi baik tegakan dan substrat, dan 2) menghitung valuasi ekonomi mangrove sebagai penyimpan karbon. Perhitungan stok karbon mangrove pada tegakan dan bawah permukaan menggunakan metode non destruktif (rumus alometrik), sedangkan perhitungan karbon tanah dilakukan menggunakan perhitungan kadar C-Organik dengan metode Walkley & Black. Cadangan total karbon (aboveground, belowground, dan karbon tanah) pada mangrove Rhizophora stylosa adalah 634,54 tonC/ha dan serapan CO2 2328,75 tCO2/ha dengan nilai ekonomi jasa lingkungan dari mangrove rehabilitasi di Pulau Harapan dan Kelapa mencapai Rp375.202.308 untuk pasar bebas dan Rp980.528.697 untuk pasar wajib (Clean Development Mechanism). Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai informasi awal perumusan kebijakan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove sebagai penyimpan karbon agar ekosistem mangrove dapat berkelanjutan.
Referensi
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Asaeda, T., A. Barnuevo, K. Sanjaya, M.D. Fortes, & Y. Kanesaka. 2016. Mangrove plantation over a limestone reef – Good for the ecology?. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 173: 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.02.017
Asia Pacific Network (APN). 2019. Final technical report: sustainable mangrove rehabilitation for global and local benefits. Asian-pacific network for global research. Philippines. 9-10 p.
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Carnel, P.E., M.M. Palacios, P. Waryszak, S.M. Trevathan-Tackett, P. Masque, & P.I. Macreadie. 2022. Blue carbon drawdown by restored mangrove forests improves with age. Journal of Environment Management, 306: 14301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114301
Dicky, E.H., A. Samyanugraha, & D. Nathalia. 2018. Pengantar pasar karbon untuk pengendalian perubahan iklim. PMR Indonesia. Jakarta. 26 p.
Dharmawan, I.W.E. 2014. Panduan Monitoring Status Ekosistem Mangrove. CRITC COREMAP II LIPI. Jakarta. 13-21 p.
Eddy, S., A. Dharmawan, M.R. Ridho, & I. Iskandar. 2016. Dampak aktivitas antropogenik terhadap degrdasi hutan mangrove di Indonesia. Jurnal Lingkungan dan Pembangunan, 2(2): 292-306. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/xd9cb
Fauzi, A. 2014. Valuasi ekonomi dan penilaian kerusakan sumber daya alam dan lingkungan. PT Penerbit IPB Press. Bogor. 11 p.
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Haryanto, A. 2013. Efektivitas rehabilitasi mangrove di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor (Unpublished).
Ilman, M., D. Paul, D. Peter, & Onrizal. 2016. A historical analysis of the drivers of loss and degradation of Indonesia’s mangroves. Land Use Policy, 54: 448–459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.03.010
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Komiyama, A., S. Poungparn, & S. Kato. 2005. Common allometric equation for estimating the tree weight of mangroves. J. of Tropical Ecology, 21: 471–477. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467405 002476
Kowalsaka, A., A. Pawlewicz, M. Dusza, M. Jaskulak, & A. Grobelak. 2020. Climate change and soil interactions. Elsevier, 663-688. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818032-7.00023-0
Jakovac, C.C., A.E Latawiec, E. Lacerda, I.L. Lucas, K.A. Korys, & B.B.N. Strassburg. 2020. Costs and carbon benefits of mangrove conservation and restoration: a global analysis. Ecological Economics, 176: 106758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106758
Kauffman, J.B. & D.C. Donato. 2012. Protocols for the measurement, monitoring and reporting of structure, biomass and carbon stocks in mangrove forests. CIFOR Working Paper 86. Bogor. 2 p.
Kepel, T.L., D.D. Suryono, & R.N. Ati. 2017. Nilai penting dan estimasi nilai ekonomi simpanan karbon vegetasi mangrove di Kema, Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Kelautan Nasional, 12(1): 19-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkn.v12i1.6170
Kohl, M., P.R. Neupane, & N. Lotfiomran. 2017. The impact of tree age on biomass growth andnd carbon accumulation capacity: A retrospective analysis using tree ring data of three tropical tree species grown in natural orests of Suriname. Plos One, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181187
Lahjie, A.M., B. Nouval, Y. Ruslim, & R. Kristiningrum. 2019. Economic valuation from direct use of mangrove forest restoration in Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. F1000Research, 8(9): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.12688%2Ff1000research.17012.1
Manafe, G., M.R. Kaho, & F. Risamasu. 2016. Estimasi biomassa permukaan dan stok karbon pada tegakan pohon Avicennia marina dan Rhizophora mucronata di perairan pesisir oebelo Kabupaten Kupang. Jurnal Bumi Lestari, 16(2): 163-173. https://doi.org/10.24843/blje.2016.v16.i02.p09
McHarg, E., E. Mengo, L. Benson, J. Daniel, & A. J. Witzig. 2022. Valuing the contribution of blue carbon to small island developing states’ climate change commitments and Covid-19 recovery. Environmental Science & Policy, 132: 13-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2022.02.009
McLeod, E., G.L. Chmura, S. Bouillon, R. Salm, & M. Bjork. 2011. A blueprint for blue carbon: toward an improved understanding of the role of vegetated coastal habitats in sequestering CO2. Front Ecol Environ, 9(10): 552-560. https://doi.org/10.1890/110004
Murdiyarso, D., J. Purbopuspito, J.B. Kauffman, M.W. Warren, S.D. Sasmito, & S. Kurnianto. 2015. The potential of Indonesian mangrove forests for global climate change mitigation. Nature, 5: 1089–1092. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2734
Nedhisa, P.I. & T. Tjahjaningrum. 2019. Estimasi biomassa, stok karbon dan sekuestrasi karbon mangrove pada Rhizophora mucronata di Wonorejo Surabaya dengan persamaan allometrik. Jurnal Sains dan Seni ITS, 8(2): 2337-3520. https://doi.org/10.12962/j23373520.v8i2.45838
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Rifai, H., S. Rahmawati, D. Nurdiansah, & Afdal. 2021. Estimation of soil carbon storage under mono-specific Enhalus acoroides meadows in Pari Island, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 944 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/944/1/012065
Sachoemar, S.I. 2008. Karakteristik lingkungan perairan Kepulauan Seribu. JAI, 4(2): 109-114. https://doi.org/10.29122/jai.v4i2.2408
Supriyantini, E., A. Santoso, & N. Soenardjo. 2018. Nitrate and phosphate contents on sediments related to the density levels of mangrove Rhizophora sp. in mangrove park waters of Pekalongan, Central Java. Earth and Environmental Science, 116: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/116/1/012013
Suyadi, I. Naroli, & A. Betmanto Sitepu. 2021. Karakteristik vegetasi mangrove dan pemanfaatannya: studi kasus di Seram Timur, Maluku. Jurnal Kelautan dan Perikanan Terapan, 4(1): 37-45. https://doi.org/10.15578/jkpt.v4i1.9502
Uthbah, Z., S. Eming, & Y. Edy. 2017. Analisis biomasa dan cadangan karbon pada berbagai umur tegakan damar (Agathis dammara (Lamb.) Rich.) di KPH Banyumas Timur. Scripta Biologica, 4(2): 119-124. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.sb.2017.4.2.404
Wahyudi, A.J., Afdal, N.S. Adi, A. Rustam, Hadiyanto, & I.H. Supriyadi. 2018. Potensi Cadangan dan Serapan Karbon Ekosistem Mangrove dan Padang Lamun Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (P2O-LIPI), Pusat Riset Kelautan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (PUSRIKEL-BRSDM-KKP), Pusat Penelitian Laut Dalam, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (P2LD-LIPI). 7 p.
Wolanski, E. & M. Elliott. 2015. Estuarine Ecohydrology: an introduction (2nd Ed). Elsevier, Amsterdam. 315 p.
Alongi, D.M. 2014. Carbon cycling and storage in mangrove forest. Annual Review of Marine Science, 5: 195-210. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135020
Alongi, D.M. 2018. Impact of global change on nutrient dynamics in mangrove forests. Forest, 9(10): 596-608. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9100596
Andiani, A.A.E., I.W.G.A. Karang, I.N.G. Putra, & I. W. E. Dharmawan. 2021. Hubungan antar parameter struktur tegakan mangrove dalam estimasi simpanan karbon aboveground pada skala komunitas. Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan Tropis, 13(3): 485-498. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitkl.vl3i3.36363
Angelsen, A. & S. Atmadja. 2008. Melangkah maju dengan REDD: isu, pilihan, dan implikasi. Bogor: CIFOR. 158 p.
Asaeda, T., A. Barnuevo, K. Sanjaya, M.D. Fortes, & Y. Kanesaka. 2016. Mangrove plantation over a limestone reef – Good for the ecology?. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 173: 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2016.02.017
Asia Pacific Network (APN). 2019. Final technical report: sustainable mangrove rehabilitation for global and local benefits. Asian-pacific network for global research. Philippines. 9-10 p.
Cameron, C., L.B. Hutley, D.A. Friess, & B. Brown. 2018. Community structure dynamics and carbon stock change of rehabilitated mangrove forests in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ecological Applications, 0(0): 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1810
Carnel, P.E., M.M. Palacios, P. Waryszak, S.M. Trevathan-Tackett, P. Masque, & P.I. Macreadie. 2022. Blue carbon drawdown by restored mangrove forests improves with age. Journal of Environment Management, 306: 14301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114301
Dicky, E.H., A. Samyanugraha, & D. Nathalia. 2018. Pengantar pasar karbon untuk pengendalian perubahan iklim. PMR Indonesia. Jakarta. 26 p.
Dharmawan, I.W.E. 2014. Panduan Monitoring Status Ekosistem Mangrove. CRITC COREMAP II LIPI. Jakarta. 13-21 p.
Eddy, S., A. Dharmawan, M.R. Ridho, & I. Iskandar. 2016. Dampak aktivitas antropogenik terhadap degrdasi hutan mangrove di Indonesia. Jurnal Lingkungan dan Pembangunan, 2(2): 292-306. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/xd9cb
Fauzi, A. 2014. Valuasi ekonomi dan penilaian kerusakan sumber daya alam dan lingkungan. PT Penerbit IPB Press. Bogor. 11 p.
Hamilton, S.E. & D. Casey. 2016. Creation of a high spatio-temporal resolution global database of continuous mangrove forest cover for the 21st century. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr., 25(6): 729-738. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12449
Haryanto, A. 2013. Efektivitas rehabilitasi mangrove di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor (Unpublished).
Ilman, M., D. Paul, D. Peter, & Onrizal. 2016. A historical analysis of the drivers of loss and degradation of Indonesia’s mangroves. Land Use Policy, 54: 448–459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.03.010
Khoir, A.F. & I.W.E. Dhamarawan. 2021. MonMang, Vers 2.0. Android Play Store, https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.amsi.monmang2&hl=en&gl=US.
Komiyama, A., S. Poungparn, & S. Kato. 2005. Common allometric equation for estimating the tree weight of mangroves. J. of Tropical Ecology, 21: 471–477. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467405 002476
Kowalsaka, A., A. Pawlewicz, M. Dusza, M. Jaskulak, & A. Grobelak. 2020. Climate change and soil interactions. Elsevier, 663-688. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818032-7.00023-0
Jakovac, C.C., A.E Latawiec, E. Lacerda, I.L. Lucas, K.A. Korys, & B.B.N. Strassburg. 2020. Costs and carbon benefits of mangrove conservation and restoration: a global analysis. Ecological Economics, 176: 106758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106758
Kauffman, J.B. & D.C. Donato. 2012. Protocols for the measurement, monitoring and reporting of structure, biomass and carbon stocks in mangrove forests. CIFOR Working Paper 86. Bogor. 2 p.
Kepel, T.L., D.D. Suryono, & R.N. Ati. 2017. Nilai penting dan estimasi nilai ekonomi simpanan karbon vegetasi mangrove di Kema, Sulawesi Utara. Jurnal Kelautan Nasional, 12(1): 19-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkn.v12i1.6170
Kohl, M., P.R. Neupane, & N. Lotfiomran. 2017. The impact of tree age on biomass growth andnd carbon accumulation capacity: A retrospective analysis using tree ring data of three tropical tree species grown in natural orests of Suriname. Plos One, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181187
Lahjie, A.M., B. Nouval, Y. Ruslim, & R. Kristiningrum. 2019. Economic valuation from direct use of mangrove forest restoration in Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. F1000Research, 8(9): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.12688%2Ff1000research.17012.1
Manafe, G., M.R. Kaho, & F. Risamasu. 2016. Estimasi biomassa permukaan dan stok karbon pada tegakan pohon Avicennia marina dan Rhizophora mucronata di perairan pesisir oebelo Kabupaten Kupang. Jurnal Bumi Lestari, 16(2): 163-173. https://doi.org/10.24843/blje.2016.v16.i02.p09
McHarg, E., E. Mengo, L. Benson, J. Daniel, & A. J. Witzig. 2022. Valuing the contribution of blue carbon to small island developing states’ climate change commitments and Covid-19 recovery. Environmental Science & Policy, 132: 13-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2022.02.009
McLeod, E., G.L. Chmura, S. Bouillon, R. Salm, & M. Bjork. 2011. A blueprint for blue carbon: toward an improved understanding of the role of vegetated coastal habitats in sequestering CO2. Front Ecol Environ, 9(10): 552-560. https://doi.org/10.1890/110004
Murdiyarso, D., J. Purbopuspito, J.B. Kauffman, M.W. Warren, S.D. Sasmito, & S. Kurnianto. 2015. The potential of Indonesian mangrove forests for global climate change mitigation. Nature, 5: 1089–1092. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2734
Nedhisa, P.I. & T. Tjahjaningrum. 2019. Estimasi biomassa, stok karbon dan sekuestrasi karbon mangrove pada Rhizophora mucronata di Wonorejo Surabaya dengan persamaan allometrik. Jurnal Sains dan Seni ITS, 8(2): 2337-3520. https://doi.org/10.12962/j23373520.v8i2.45838
Permatasari, I.R., B.S. Barus, & G. Diansyah. 2019. Analisis nitrat dan fosfat pada sedimen di Muara Sungai Banyuasin, Kabupaten Banyuasin, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal Penelitian Sains, 21(3): 140-150. https://doi.org/10.26554/jps.v21i3.545
Priscillia, C.C., M.P. Patria, & H. Herdiansyah. 2021. Environmental conditions to support blue carbon storage in mangrove forest: a case study in the mangrove forest, Nusa Lembongan, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 22(6): 3304-3314. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220636
Rifai, H., S. Rahmawati, D. Nurdiansah, & Afdal. 2021. Estimation of soil carbon storage under mono-specific Enhalus acoroides meadows in Pari Island, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 944 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/944/1/012065
Sachoemar, S.I. 2008. Karakteristik lingkungan perairan Kepulauan Seribu. JAI, 4(2): 109-114. https://doi.org/10.29122/jai.v4i2.2408
Supriyantini, E., A. Santoso, & N. Soenardjo. 2018. Nitrate and phosphate contents on sediments related to the density levels of mangrove Rhizophora sp. in mangrove park waters of Pekalongan, Central Java. Earth and Environmental Science, 116: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/116/1/012013
Suyadi, I. Naroli, & A. Betmanto Sitepu. 2021. Karakteristik vegetasi mangrove dan pemanfaatannya: studi kasus di Seram Timur, Maluku. Jurnal Kelautan dan Perikanan Terapan, 4(1): 37-45. https://doi.org/10.15578/jkpt.v4i1.9502
Uthbah, Z., S. Eming, & Y. Edy. 2017. Analisis biomasa dan cadangan karbon pada berbagai umur tegakan damar (Agathis dammara (Lamb.) Rich.) di KPH Banyumas Timur. Scripta Biologica, 4(2): 119-124. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.sb.2017.4.2.404
Wahyudi, A.J., Afdal, N.S. Adi, A. Rustam, Hadiyanto, & I.H. Supriyadi. 2018. Potensi Cadangan dan Serapan Karbon Ekosistem Mangrove dan Padang Lamun Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (P2O-LIPI), Pusat Riset Kelautan, Badan Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (PUSRIKEL-BRSDM-KKP), Pusat Penelitian Laut Dalam, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (P2LD-LIPI). 7 p.
Wolanski, E. & M. Elliott. 2015. Estuarine Ecohydrology: an introduction (2nd Ed). Elsevier, Amsterdam. 315 p.
Penulis
EasteriaG., ImranZ., & YuliantoG. (2022). ESTIMASI STOK KARBON MANGROVE REHABILITASI DI PULAU HARAPAN DAN KELAPA, TAMAN NASIONAL KEPULAUAN SERIBU, JAKARTA . Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 14(2), 191-204. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v14i2.39861
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