EARLY WARNING SYSTEM (EWS) FOR ALGAL BLOOMS USING SATELLITE IMAGERY IN JAKARTA BAY
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Published
31 December 2023
Keywords:
-
algal blooms, satellite imagery, fish-killing, early warning system
Abstract
Jakarta Bay is experiencing eutrophication, primarily due to nutrient inflows from agriculture, industry, and urban sources. This abundance of nutrients has led to significant algae blooms. A study using Terra and Aqua MODIS satellite data from 2004 to 2007 monitored these blooms by measuring chlorophyll-a levels. During this period, large-scale fish kills were observed directly related to the algal blooms, as evidenced by high chlorophyll-a concentrations and blooms covering more than a quarter of the bay. Interestingly, not all intense blooms resulted in massive fish kills. The study suggests that this mortality is primarily due to oxygen depletion after peak bloom periods, compounded by poor water circulation in the bay. Using satellite imagery to monitor algal blooms is a practical tool for implementing an early warning system (EWS) in Jakarta Bay. Satellite imagery has proven effective in monitoring these blooms and could help develop an early warning system in Jakarta Bay despite limitations such as cloud cover.
References
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Perri, K.A., J.R. Sullivan & G.L. Boyer. 2015. Harmful algal blooms in Sodus Bay, Lake Ontario: A comparison of nutrients, marina presence, and cyanobacterial toxins. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 41(2): 326–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.022
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Sidabutar, T., D.G. Bengen, S. Wouthuyzen, & T. Partono. 2016. The abundance of phytoplankton and its relationship to the N/P ratio in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 17(2): 673-678. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d170241
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Seltenrich, N. 2014. Keeping Tabs on HABs: New Tools for Detecting, Monitoring, and Preventing Harmful Algal Blooms. Environmental Health Perspectives, 122(8): A206-A213. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.122-a206
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Xu, Y. & T. Xu. 2022. An evolving marine environment and its driving forces of algal blooms in the Southern Yellow Sea of China. Marine Environmental Research, 178: 105635–105635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105635
Xu, J., K. Yin, J.H.W. Lee, H. Liu, A.C. Ho, X. Yuan & P. Harrison. 2010. Long-Term and Seasonal Changes in Nutrients, Phytoplankton Biomass, and Dissolved Oxygen in Deep Bay, Hong Kong. Estuaries and Coasts, 33(2): 399–416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-009-9213-5
Yamaji, I.E., 1966. Illustration of the Marine Plankton of Japan Houkusho Osaka Japan p.369.
Yan, T., X. Li, Z. Tan, R. Yu & J. Zou. 2022. Toxic effects, mechanisms, and ecological impacts of harmful algal blooms in China. Harmful Algae, 111: 102148–102148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2021.102148
Yue, Q., X. He, N. Yan, S. Tian, C. Liu, W.-X. Wang, L. Luo & B.Z. Tang. 2021. Photodynamic control of harmful algal blooms by an ultra-efficient and degradable AIEgen-based photosensitizer. Chemical Engineering Journal, 417: 127890–127890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.127890
Zhang, P., C.H. Peng, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. Chen & H. Zhao. 2022. Long-Term Harmful Algal Blooms and Nutrient Patterns Affected by Climate Change and Anthropogenic Pressures in the Zhanjiang Bay, China. Frontiers in Marine Science: 9: 849819. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.849819
Anderson, D.M., E. Fensin,C.J. Gobler, A. Hoeglund, K.A. Hubbard, D.M. Kulis, J.H. Landsberg, K.A. Lefebvre, P. Provoost, M.L. Richlen, J.L. Smith, A.R. Solow & V.L. Trainer. 2021. Marine harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the United States: History, current status and future trends. Harmful Algae, 102: 101975–101975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2021.101975
Al-Yamani, F., I. Polikarpov & M. Saburova. 2020. Marine Life Mortalities and Harmful Algal Blooms in the Northern Arabian Gulf. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 23(2): 196–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2020.1798157
Andreo, V., A.I. Dogliotti, & C. Tauro. 2016. Remote Sensing of Phytoplankton Blooms in the Continental Shelf and Shelf-Break of Argentina: Spatio-Temporal Changes and Phenology. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 9(12): 5315–5324. https://doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2585142
Buelo, C.D., M.L. Pace, S.R. Carpenter, E.H. Stanley, D.S. Ortiz & D.W. Ha. 2022. Evaluating the performance of temporal and spatial early warning statistics of algal blooms. Ecological Applications, 32(5): e2616. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2616
Damar, A., F. Colijn, K.J Hesse, L. Adrianto Yonvitner, A. Fahrudin, F. Kurniawan, F., A.D. Prismayanti, S. Rahayu, B. Rudianto & A. Ramli. 2020. Phytoplankton Biomass Dynamics in Tropical Coastal Waters of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia, between 2001 and 2019. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 8(9): 674–674. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8090674
Damar, A., Hesse, K.-J., Colijn, F., & Vitner, Y. 2019. The eutrophication states of the Indonesian sea large marine ecosystem: Jakarta Bay, 2001–2013. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 163: 72–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.05.012
Eberhart, B.-T.L., B.D. Bill, & V.L. Trainer. 2012. Remote sampling of harmful algal blooms: A case study on the Washington State coast. Harmful Algae, 19: 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2012.05.0057
GEOHAB, 2010. Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms Harmful Algal Blooms in Asia. K Furuya, PM Gilbert, M Zhou and R Raine (eds.), IOC and SCOR, Paris and Newark, Delaware. 68 p.
Gheilani, H.M.A., K. Matsuoka, A.Y.A AlKindi, S. Amer & C.P. Waring. 2011. Fish Kill Incidents and Harmful Algal Blooms in Omani Waters. 16: 23–23. https://doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol16iss0pp23-33
Guan, W., M. Bao, X. Lou, Z.-X Zhou & K. Yin. 2022. Monitoring, modeling, and projection of harmful algal blooms in China. Harmful Algae, 111: 102164–102164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2021.102164
Imai, I., N. Inaba & K. Yamamoto. 2021. Harmful algal blooms and environmentally friendly control strategies in Japan. Fisheries Science, 87(4): 437–464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-021-01524-7
Klemas, V.V. 2012. Remote Sensing of Algal Blooms: An Overview with Case Studies. Journal of Coastal Research, 278: 34–43. https://doi.org/10.2112/jcoastres-d-11-00051.1
Kahru, M. & B.G. Mitchell. 2008. Ocean Color Reveals Increased Blooms in Various Parts of the World. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 89(18): 170–170. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008eo180002
Kim, T.-J. 2018. Prevention of Harmful Algal Blooms by Control of Growth Parameters. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 09(11): 613–648. https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2018.911043
Li, Y., Li, D., Tang, J.-L., Wang, Y., Liu, Z., & He, S. 2010. Long-term changes in the Changjiang Estuary plankton community related to anthropogenic eutrophication. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 13(1): 66–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/14634980903579942
Lee, S.-M. & D.H. Lee. 2018. Improved Prediction of Harmful Algal Blooms in Four Major South Korea’s Rivers Using Deep Learning Models. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(7): 1322–1322. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071322
Lee, J.H.W., I.J. Hodgkiss, K.-T. Wong & I.H.Y. Lam. 2005. Real-time observations of coastal algal blooms by an early warning system. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 65(1–2): 172–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2005.06.005
Ladwig, N., K.-J. Hesse, S. van der Wulp, A. Damar & D. Koch. 2016. Pressure on oxygen levels of Jakarta Bay. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 110(2): 665–674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.017
Lin, Q., K. Zhang, S. McGowan, E. Capo & J. Shen. 2021. Synergistic impacts of nutrient enrichment and climate change on long‐term water quality and ecological dynamics in contrasting shallow‐lake zones. Limnology and Oceanography, 66(9): 3271–3286. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11878
Newell, G.E. & R.C. Newell. 1977. Marine Plankton A Practical Guide. Hutchinson, London. P. 244.
Pal, M., P.J. Yesankar, A.K. Dwivedi & A. Qureshi. 2020. Biotic control of harmful algal blooms (HABs): A brief review. Journal of Environmental Management, 268: 110687–110687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110687
Perri, K.A., J.R. Sullivan & G.L. Boyer. 2015. Harmful algal blooms in Sodus Bay, Lake Ontario: A comparison of nutrients, marina presence, and cyanobacterial toxins. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 41(2): 326–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.022
Park, T.G., W.-A. Lim, Y. Park, C.-K. Lee & H.J. Jeong 2013. Economic impact, management and mitigation of red tides in Korea. Harmful Algae, 30: S131–S143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2013.10.012
Sathyendranath, S, R.P. Bukata, R. Anone, M.D. Dowel, C.O. Davis, M. Babin, J.F. Berthon, O.V. Kopelevich & W. Campbell. 1990. Colour of Case 2 Waters. In Remote Sensing of Ocean Color in Coastal and Other Optically-Complex Waters. Sathyendranath, S. (ed), Report of the International Ocean-Colour Coordinating Group, No.3. IOCCG, Dartmouth, Canada. Pp. 23–46.
Stumpf, R.P. 2001. Applications of Satellite Ocean Color Sensors for Monitoring and Predicting Harmful Algal Blooms. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 7(5): 1363–1368. https://doi.org/10.1080/20018091095050
Sidabutar, T., E.S. Srimariana, H. Cappenberg & S. Wouthuyzen. 2021. An overview of harmful algal blooms and eutrophication in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series, 869(1): 012039–012039. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/869/1/012039
Sidabutar, T., D.G. Bengen, S. Wouthuyzen, & T. Partono. 2016. The abundance of phytoplankton and its relationship to the N/P ratio in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 17(2): 673-678. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d170241
Sournia, A. 1978. Phytoplankton Manual Monographs on Oceanographic Methodology. UNESCO Paris.
Schleyer, G. & A. Vardi. 2020. Algal blooms. Current Biology, 30(19): R1116–R1118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.011
Seltenrich, N. 2014. Keeping Tabs on HABs: New Tools for Detecting, Monitoring, and Preventing Harmful Algal Blooms. Environmental Health Perspectives, 122(8): A206-A213. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.122-a206
Siswanto, E., J. Ishizaka, S.C. Tripathy & K. Miyamura. 2013. Detection of harmful algal blooms of Karenia mikimotoi using MODIS measurements: A case study of Seto-Inland Sea, Japan. Remote Sensing of Environment, 129: 185–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2012.11.003
Tarigan, M.S. & N.N. Wiadnyana. 2013. Pemantauan konsentrasi klorofil-a menggunakan citra satelit terra-aqua modis di Teluk Jakarta. Jurnal Kelautan Nasional, 8(2): 81-89. https://doi.org/10.15578/jkn.v8i2.6226
Thomas, C.R.1993. Marine Phytoplankton. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
Ulloa, M.J., P. Álvarez-Torres, K.P. Horak-Romo & R. Ortega-Izaguirre. 2017. Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication along the Mexican coast of the Gulf of Mexico's large marine ecosystem. Environmental Development, 22: 120–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2016.10.007
Wouthuyzen, S, C.K. Tan, J. Ishizaka, T.P.H. Son, V. Rans, S. Tarigan & A. Sediadi. 2007. Monitoring of Algal Blooms and Massive Fish Kill in the Jakarta Bay, Indonesia using Satellite Imageries. Proceed. Symposium of ALOS Data Model. Science Program in Kyoto.
Wong, K.-T., J.H.W. Lee & I.J. Hodgkiss. 2007. A simple model for forecast of coastal algal blooms. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 74(1–2): 175–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2007.04.012
Xu, Y. & T. Xu. 2022. An evolving marine environment and its driving forces of algal blooms in the Southern Yellow Sea of China. Marine Environmental Research, 178: 105635–105635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105635
Xu, J., K. Yin, J.H.W. Lee, H. Liu, A.C. Ho, X. Yuan & P. Harrison. 2010. Long-Term and Seasonal Changes in Nutrients, Phytoplankton Biomass, and Dissolved Oxygen in Deep Bay, Hong Kong. Estuaries and Coasts, 33(2): 399–416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-009-9213-5
Yamaji, I.E., 1966. Illustration of the Marine Plankton of Japan Houkusho Osaka Japan p.369.
Yan, T., X. Li, Z. Tan, R. Yu & J. Zou. 2022. Toxic effects, mechanisms, and ecological impacts of harmful algal blooms in China. Harmful Algae, 111: 102148–102148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2021.102148
Yue, Q., X. He, N. Yan, S. Tian, C. Liu, W.-X. Wang, L. Luo & B.Z. Tang. 2021. Photodynamic control of harmful algal blooms by an ultra-efficient and degradable AIEgen-based photosensitizer. Chemical Engineering Journal, 417: 127890–127890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.127890
Zhang, P., C.H. Peng, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. Chen & H. Zhao. 2022. Long-Term Harmful Algal Blooms and Nutrient Patterns Affected by Climate Change and Anthropogenic Pressures in the Zhanjiang Bay, China. Frontiers in Marine Science: 9: 849819. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.849819
Authors
SidabutarT., Sumarwati S SrimarianaE., CappenbergH., & WouthuyzenS. (2023). EARLY WARNING SYSTEM (EWS) FOR ALGAL BLOOMS USING SATELLITE IMAGERY IN JAKARTA BAY. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 15(3), 369-388. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v15i3.52627
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