SUITABILITY AND CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM FOR ECOUTURISM DEVELOPMENT AT PANNIKIANG ISLAND, BARRU REGENCY, SOUTH SULAWESI

Rizka Maulidiyah Masud, Fredinan Yulianda, Gatot Yulianto

Abstract

Ecotourism is one of the efforts which can be developed for the sustainability of mangrove ecosystems.This study aims to assess the suitability and carrying capacity of the mangrove ecosystem so it can be used as a reference in making policies. This study was conducted in October-December 2019 at Pannikiang Island, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The data were analyzed using a matrix of tourism suitability index (IKW), spatial analysis with a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach followed by an assessment of the carrying capacity of the region (DDK) to determine the maximum number of visitors that could be accommodated. The result shows that the IKW of the study location with highly suitable is 6.73 ha and 22.03 ha fall into the appropriate category so that the total IKW obtained was 28.76 ha. The length area that can be utilized for tracking activity is 1793.45 m with the carrying capacity of mangrove ecotourism is 287 people/day with consideration of the tourism duration for each visitor (open 8 hours/day). Pannikiang Island as a whole is included in the appropriate category for ecotourism with a capacity of tourists in the good category and does not exceed the maximum threshold allowed. Therefore, the recommendation for policy submission is supposed to set down the regulations regarding mangrove ecosystem management.

References

Bengen, D.G. 2001. Pedoman teknis pe-ngenalan dan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove. Pusat Kajian Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Lautan, IPB. Bogor. 58 p.
Buckley, R. 2004. Environmental impact of ecotourism. Ecotourism series No.2. Environmental Impacts of Eco-tourism, Cambridge: CABI Publishing. 403 p.
Dinas Perikanan Kelautan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dan Universitas Muslim Indonesia. 2012. Laporan Akhir Identifikasi dan Pemetaan Potensi Sumberdaya Pulau Pannikiang Kabupaten Barru. Makassar. Dinas Kelautan Perikanan. Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. 105 p.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2007. The world’s mangroves 1980-2005. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 153 p. http://www.fao.org/3/ap428e/ap428e00.pdf
Friess, D.A. 2016. Ecosystem services and disservices of mangrove forests: Insights from historical colonial observations. Forests, 7(9): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/f7090183
Gigović, L., D. Pamučar, D. Lukić, & S. Marković. 2016. GIS-Fuzzy DEMATEL MCDA model for the evaluation of the sites for ecotourism development: A case study of “Dunavski ključ” region, Serbia. Land Use Policy, 58: 348–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.07.030
Giri, C., E. Ochieng, L.L. Tieszen, Z. Zhu, A. Singh, T. Loveland, J. Masek, & N. Duke. 2010. Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth observation satellite data. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 20(1): 154–159. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00584.x
Heriyanto, N.M. & E. Subiandono, 2012. Komposisi dan struktur tegakan, biomasa, dan potensi kandungan karbon hutan mangrove di Taman Nasional Alas Purwo. J. Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam, 9(1): 023-032. https://doi.org/10.20886/jphka.2012.9.1.023-032
Honey, M. & D. Krantz. 2007. Global trends in coastal tourism. Washington: Stanford University and Center on Ecotourism and Sustainable Development. 140 p.
Hossain, M.S., R.C. Sayedur, G.D. Nani, S.M. Sharifuzzaman, & S. Abida. 2008. Integration of GIS and multicriteria decision analysis for urban aquaculture development in Bangladesh. Landscape and Urban Planning, 90(3): 119-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.10.020
Kalogirou S. 2001. Expert system and GIS: an application of land suitability evaluation. computers. Environment and Urban Systems, 26(2): 89-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0198-9715(01)00031-X
Kathiresan, K. & B.L Bingham. 2001. Biology of mangroves and mangrove ecosystems. Advances in Marine Biology, 40: 81–251. http://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2881(01)40003-4
Nagelkerken, I., S.J.M. Blaber, S. Bouillon, P. Green, M. Haywood, L.G. Kirton, J.O. Meynecke, J. Pawlik, H.M. Penrose, A. Sasekumar, & P.J. Somerfield. 2008. The habitat function of mangroves for terrestrial and marine fauna: A review. Aquat. Bot., 89(2): 155–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.12.007
Noor, Y.R., M. Khazali, & I. N.N. Suryadiputra. 1999. Panduan Pengenalan Mangrove di Indonesia. Ditjen PHKA dan Wetlands International Indonesia Programe. Bogor. 220 p.
Pariwono, J.I. 2007. Pasang surut dan salinitas: dua parameter oseanografi yang efektif namun masih terabaikan dalam program penyusunan ke-bijakan kelautan Indonesia. Prosiding: 2783: 38-47. http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/51775
Qamal, A.I.R. 2019. Perubahan luas dan kerapatan hutan mangrove Pulau Pannikiang, Kabupaten Barru. J. Environmental Science, 1(2): 1-7. https://ojs.unm.ac.id/JES/article/view/9054
Rakotomavo, A. & F. Fromard. 2010. Dynamics of mangrove forests in the Mangoky River delta, Madagascar, under the influence of natural and human factors. Forest Ecology and Management, 259(6): 1161-1169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.01.002
Rini, I. Setyobudiandi, & M.M. Kamal. 2018. Kajian kesesuaian, daya dukung dan aktivitas ekowisata di Kawasan Mangrove Lantebung Kota Makassar. J. Pariwisata, 5(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.31311/par.v5i1.3179
Rusdi, R., I. Setyobudiandi, & A. Damar. 2020. Kajian potensi dan penge-lolaan berkelanjutan ekosistem mangrove Pulau Pannikiang, Kabupaten Barru, Sulawesi Selatan. J. Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis. 12(1): 119-133. http://doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v12i1.26065
Romañach, S.S., D.L. DeAngelis, H.L. Koh, Y. Li, S.Y. Teh, R.S. Raja Barizan, & L. Zhai. 2018. Conservation and restoration of mangroves: Global status, perspectives, and prognosis. Ocean & Coastal Management, 154(2018): 72–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.01.009
Sadik, M., A.H. Muhiddin, & M. Ukkas. 2017. Kesesuaian ekowisata mang-rove ditinjau dari aspek biogeofisik kawasan pantai gonda di Desa Laliko Kecamatan Campalagian Kabupaten Polewali Mandar, J. Ilmu Kelautan SPERMONDE Universitas Hasanuddin, 3(2): 25-33. http://doi.org/10.20956/jiks.v3i2.3004
Samsi, A.N., S.B.N. Omar, & A. Niartiningsih. 2018. Pengaruh faktor lingkungan terhadap pola penyebar-an moluska pada ekosistem mang-rove alami dan hasil rehabilitasi. Fish Scientiae: J. Ilmu-ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan, 8(1): 51-60. http://fishscientiae.ulm.ac.id/index.php/fs/article/view/131
Samsi, A.N., S.B.N. Omar, & A. Niartiningsih. 2018. Analisis kera-patan ekosistem mangrove di Pulau Pannikiang dan Desa Tongke-tongke Sulawesi Selatan. J. Biota, 4(1): 19-23. https://doi.org/10.19109/Biota.v4i1.1593
Shoo, R.A & A.N. Songorwa. 2013. Contribution of eco-tourism to nature conservation and improvement of livelihoods around Amani nature reserve, Tanzania. J. Ecotourism, 12(2): 75–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2013.818679
Spalding, M. & C.L. Parrett. 2019. Global patterns in mangrove recreation and tourism. Marine Policy, 110(103540): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103540
Surjanti, J., A. Soejoto, D.N. Seno, & Waspodo. 2020. Mangrove forest ecotourism: Participatory ecological learning and sustainability of students’ behavior through self-efficacy and self-concept. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 2(1): 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2019.100009
Susi, W. Adi, & S.P. Sari. 2018. Potensi kesesuaian mangrove sebagai daerah ekowisata di Dusun Tanjung Tedung Sungai Selan Bangka Tengah. Akuatik: J. Sumberdaya Perairan, 12(1): 65–73. https://doi.org/10.33019/akuatik.v12i1.693
Suwardi, E. Tambaru, Ambeng, & D. Priosambodo. 2013. Keanekaragam-an jenis mangrove di Pulau Pannikiang Kabupaten Barru Sulawesi Selatan. Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/25495489.pdf
Veettil, B.K., R.D. Ward, N.X. Quang, & N.T.T. Trang. 2019. Mangroves of Vietnam: Historical development, current state of research and future threats. J. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 218: 212–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2018.12.021
Wardhani, M.K. 2011. Kawasan konservasi mangrove: Suatu potensi ekowisata. J. Kelautan, 4(1): 60-76. https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/jurnalkelautan/article/view/891/784
Yulianda, F. 2019. Ekowisata Perairan Suatu Konsep Kesesuain dan Daya Dukung Wisata Bahari dan Wisata Air Tawar. IPB Press. Bogor. 84 p.
Yulius, R. Rahmania, U.R. Kadarwati, M. Ramdhan, T. Khairunnisa, D. Saepuloh, J. Subandriyo, & A. Tussadiah. 2018. Buku panduan kriteria penetapan zona ekowisata bahari. IPB Press. Bogor. 155 p.

Authors

Rizka Maulidiyah Masud
rizkamaulidiyah3@gmail.com (Primary Contact)
Fredinan Yulianda
Gatot Yulianto
MasudR. M., YuliandaF., & YuliantoG. (2020). SUITABILITY AND CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM FOR ECOUTURISM DEVELOPMENT AT PANNIKIANG ISLAND, BARRU REGENCY, SOUTH SULAWESI. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 12(3), 673-686. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v12i3.32847

Article Details