Respon Karakter Pengisian Biji dan Hasil terhadap Pemberian Pupuk Urea pada Empat Varietas Padi

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) plays an important role in rice plants including in increasing crop yields. The difference in grain yields observed in each rice variety is closely related to the grain filling trait. Thus, the response of the grain filling and yield traits from different rice varieties under different N conditions in the soil is relevant to study. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of grain filling and yields characters of four rice varieties to the application of urea fertilizer. This study was conducted in the rice fields of Petapahan Village, Kampar District, Riau Province from September to December 2020. The field experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with whole plots arranged as randomized complete block design. The dose of urea fertilizer (0 kg ha-1 and 250 kg ha-1) was the first factor as the main plot, while varieties (Hipa 18, IPB 3S, Ciherang and Way Apo Buru) were the second ones as sub-plots. Results showed that Hipa 18 was a rice variety that remobilizes the highest assimilate during the seed filling stage. Hipa 18 also showed the highest percentage of N usage for panicle formation and development in comparison to other rice varieties. Overall, the highest response for all yield components was also obtained from Hipa 18 except for the 100-seed weight. The results of this study can be used as a basis in breeding new rice varieties possessing high yield trait. In addition, a precise fertilization for each rice variety can be recommended.
Keywords: assimilate remobilization, dry weight, leaf area index, leaf N content, photosynthesis