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Abstract
Abstract
Potato cultivation in Indonesia is mostly carried out in upper land with steep slope that also contribute a significant portion in annual volume of eroded soil. Hydroponic system could be an effective method for potato cultivation while avoiding soil erosion. The objective of this research was to design a hydroponic system for potato cultivation. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation was used to describe the root zone temperature distribution in a hydroponic bed. Potatoes was grown in hydroponic systems with different treatment of Electrical Conductivity (EC) values of nutrient solution, i.e. 1.8 mS and 2.5 mS. CFD simulation was capable to describe the distribution of fluid temperature inside the hydroponic bed accurately with R2 value of 0.9837 and average error of 1.8%. Potato plants grown in hydroponic system performed well. It produced tubers although the root zone temperatures reached 30.4°C. Plants grown at EC value of nutrient solution 1.8 mS treatment produce the average number of tuber 4.3 tubers and average weight of tubers 77.2 g per plant. While that grown at nutrient solution with EC value of 2.5 mS produced the average number of tuber 4.6 tubers and average weight of tubers 60.0 g per plant. It was demonstrated that the hydroponic system could be used in potato cultivation for consumption tuber.
Abstrak
Budidaya kentang di Indonesia umumnya dilakukan pada lahan miring di dataran tinggi sehingga memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap erosi tanah. Budidaya dengan sistem hidroponik dapat menjadi salah satu metode yang efektif untuk budidaya kentang yang dapat menekan terjadinya erosi tanah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang sistem hidroponik untuk budidaya tanaman kentang. Simulasi Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) digunakan untuk menggambarkan distribusi suhu daerah perakaran pada bedeng tanaman. Tanaman kentang ditanam pada sistem hidroponik dengan dua perlakuan nilai Daya Hantar Listrik (DHL) larutan nutrisi yang berbeda, yaitu 1.8 mS dan 2.5 mS. Simulasi CFD mampu menggambarkan distribusi suhu daerah perakaran pada bedeng tanaman secara akurat dengan nilai R2 0.9837 dan rata-rata error sebesar 1.8%. Tanaman kentang dapat tumbuh dengan baik pada sistem hidroponik dan mampu menghasilkan umbi meskipun suhu daerah perakaran tanaman mencapai 30.4°C. Tanaman kentang yang ditanam dengan DHL larutan nutrisi 1.8 mS menghasilkan rata-rata jumlah umbi 4.3 umbi per tanaman dan rata-rata berat umbi 77.2 g per tanaman. Sementara tanaman kentang yang ditanam dengan DHL larutan nutrisi 2.5 mS menghasilkan rata-rata jumlah umbi 4.6 umbi per tanaman dan rata-rata berat umbi 60.0 g per tanaman. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem hidroponik dapat digunakan dalam budidaya tanaman kentang untuk produksi kentang ukuran konsumsi.
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