Analysis of Erosion Management Based on GeoWEPP Spatial Modeling on Bauxite Mining Activities PT. XYZ in West Borneo
Abstract
Bauxite ore open-pit mining activities are conducted in spread areas and increase the potential for water pollution, implying a need for good management. GeoWEPP is a spatial model that predicts the erosion magnitude and the location of sedimentation. This helps in erosion management and control, including constructing a settling pond. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine GeoWEPP based on land use, topographic and soil maps, as well as rainfall and temperature data. The results showed that 30 hills with a total area of 13 602.48 Ha obtained sediment of 150 186 m3/month and the amount of run off of 4 202 267 m3/month. Furthermore, GeoWEPP analysis on the planned mining block area obtained 30 outlet points to be used as the location for the settling pond construction. The optimistic and pessimistic cost of constructing the entire settling pond is Rp. 222 047 640 944 and Rp. 222 773 049 768, respectively. Additionally, the cost of settling pond maintenance at all outlet points during operation is Rp. 3 139 414 818. Planting cover crops in ex-mining areas is very effective in reducing erosion.
References
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Renschler CS. 2003. Designing geo-spatial interfaces to scale process models: the GeoWEPP approach. Hydrological Processes. 17 : 1005-1017
[Setneg] Sekretariat Negera Republik Indonesia. 2009. Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara. Jakarta (ID): Setneg
Suhartanto. 2005. Pendugaan Erosi, Sedimen dan Limpasan Berbasis Model Hidrologi WEPP dan SIG di Sub-DAS Ciriung, DAS Cidanau [Tesis]. Bogor (ID) : Institut Pertanian Bogor
Wahyudin I, widodo S, Nurwaskito A. 2018. Analisis Penanganan Air Asam Tambang Batubara. Jurnal Geomine. 6(2) : 85-89
Wasis B, Arifin and Winata B. 2018. Impact of bauxite mine to natural forest biomass and soil properties in Kas Island, Riau Island Province in Indonesia. Agriculture and Environmental Science. 3(3): 264-269
Wu JQ, Dun S, Rhee H, Liu X, Elliot WJ, Golnar T, Frankenberger JR, Flanagan DC, Conrad PW, McNearny RL. 2011. Applying Wepp Technologies to Western Alkaline Surface Coal Mines : Presented at the International Symposium on Erosion and Landscape Evolution 2011 September 18–21: Alaska. Amerika Serikat. Alaska (US): American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE)
Yüksel EE, Özalp M &Yildirimer S. 2016. Using a Geospatial Interface (Geowepp) to Predict Soil Loss, Runoff and Sediment Yield of Kokolet Creek Watershed. International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Sciences (IJEES). 6 (3): 437-442
Zinziao Y, Xiaoming Z & Lili N. 2009. Simulated multi-scale watershed runoff and sediment production based on GeoWEPP model. International Journal of Sediment Research. 24(4) : 465-478.
Anwar M, Pawitan H, Murtilaksono K, Jaya INS. 2011. Respons Hidrologi Akibat Deforestasi di DAS Barito Hulu, Kalimantan Tengah. JMHT. 17(3) : 119-126
Arsyad S. 2010. Konservasi Tanah dan Air. Edisi Kedua. Bogor (ID): IPB Press
Asdak C. 2010. Hidrologi dan Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai. Edisi kelima 2010. Yogyakarta (ID): Gajah Mada University Press.
Defersha MB, Melesse AM & McClain ME. 2012. Watershed scale application of WEPP and EROSION 3D models for assessment of potential sediment source areal and runoff flux in the Mara River Basin, Kenya. Catena. 95 : 63-72
Demir S, Oğuz İ & Özer E. 2018. Estimation of Soil Losses in a Slope Area of Tokat Province through USLE and WEPP Model. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology. 6(12) : 1838-1843
Demir S & Oğuz I. 2019. Determination ff Surface Flow and Soil Loss With Wepp Hillslope Model in Northern Turkey. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences. 14(2): 463 - 472
[ESDM] Kementerian Energi Sumberdaya Mineral Republik Indonesia. 2018. Keputusan Menteri Energi Sumberdaya Mineral Republik Indonesia Nomor 1827 K/30/MEM/2018 tentang Pedoman Pelaksanaan Kaidah Teknik Pertambangan yang Baik. Jakarta (ID): ESDM
Flanagan, DC, & Nearing MA. (Eds.). 1995. USDA-Water Erosion Prediction Project, NSERL Report No. 10, National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS-MWA. West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196
Flanagan DC, Gilley JE, Franti TG. 2007. Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP): Development History, Model Capabilities, And Future Enhancements. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) 50(5):1603-1612
Flanagan DC, Frankenberger JR, Cochrane TA, Renschler CS, Elliot WJ. 2013. Geospatial Application Of The Wate R Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) Model. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE). 56(2): 591-601
Haque MZ, Rahim SA, Abdullah MP, Embi AF, Elfithri R. Lihan T & Mokhtar M. 2016. Predicting Sediment Load and Runoff in Geo WEPP Environment from Langat Sub Basin, Malaysia. Nature Environment & Pollution Technology. 15(3): 1077-1082
[IAI] International Aluminium Institute. 2018. Panduan Penambangan Bauksit Berkelanjutan. Australia: http://www.world- aluminium.org/media/filer_public/2019/04/02/sbmg_bahasa_indonesia_final_01-04-2019.pdf
Igwe PU, Onuigbo AA, Chinedu OC, Ezeaku II, Muoneke MM. 2017. Soil Erosion: A Review of Models and Applications. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science (IJAERS). 4(12) : 138-150
Jaya INS. 2002. Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis untuk Kehutanan: Penuntun Praktis Menggunakan Arc/info dan ArcView. Bogor: Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Kamble PH & Bhosale SM. 2019a. Environmental impanct of Bauxite Mining: A Review. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET). 7 : 86-90
Kamble PH & Bhosale SM. 2019b. Assessment of Impact of Bauxite Mining on Environment. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering & Technology. 14(4) : 14-21
[Kemenlh] Kementerian Negara Lingkungan Hidup Republik Indonesia. 2009. Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Republik Indonesia Nomor 34 Tahun 2009 tentang Baku Mutu Air Limbah Bagi Usaha dan/atau Kegiatan Pertambangan Bijih Bauksit. Jakarta (ID): Kementerian Negara Lingkungan Hidup Republik Indonesia
Kisman & Pardiarto P. 2014. Karakteristik Geokimia Unsur Tanah Jarang dalam Endapan Bauksit di Daerah Sandai, Kabupaten Ketapang, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi. 9(3) : 161-172
Kusmawati I. 2006. Pendugaan Erosi dan Sedimentasi dengan Menggunakan Model GeoWEPP (Studi Kasus Das Limboto. Propinsi Gorontalo) [Tesis]. Bandunt (ID): Institut Teknologi Bandung
Laflen JM, Flanagan DC & Engel BA. 2004. Soil Erosion And Sediment Yield Prediction Accuracy Using Wepp. The Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA). 40(2):289-297
Laflen JM, Flanagan DC. 2013. The development of US soil erosion prediction and modeling. International Soil and Water Conservation Research. 1(2): 1-11
Maalim FK, Melesse AM, Belmont P, Gran KB. 2013. Modeling the impact of land use changes on runoff and sediment yield in the Le Sueur watershed, Minnesota using GeoWEPP. Catena. 107 : 35-45
Pieri L, Bittelli M, Wu JQ, Dun S, Flanagan DC, Pisa PR, Ventura F & Salvatorelli F. 2007. Using the Water Erosion Prediction Project(WEPP) model to simulate field-observed runoffand erosion in the Apennines mountain range, Italy. Journal of Hidrology. 336 : 84-97
Prasetyo LB. 2017. Pendekatan Ekologi Lanskap untuk Konservasi Biodiversitas. Bogor : Fakultas Kehutanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
[PSDMBP] Pusat Sumber Daya Mineral, Batubara dan Panas Bumi. 2019a. Potensi Logam Tanah Jarang di Indonesia. Jakarta : Pusat Sumber Daya Mineral, Batubara dan Panas Bumi
[PSDMBP] Pusat Sumber Daya Mineral, Batubara dan Panas Bumi. 2019b. Executive Summary Pemutakhiran Data dan Neraca Sumber Daya Mineral dan Batubara Status 2019. Bandung: Pusat Sumber Daya Mineral, Batubara dan Panas Bumi. http://psdg.geologi.esdm.go.id/images/stories/neraca/2019/ exsummineralstatus2019.pdf.
[Pusdatin ESDM] Pusat Data dan Teknologi Informasi Kementerian Energi dan Sumberdaya Mineral Energi dan Sumberdaya Mineral. 2016. Dampak Hilirisasi Bauksit Terhadap Perekonomian Regional Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Jakarta : Pusat Data dan Teknologi Informasi Kementerian Energi dan Sumberdaya Mineral Energi dan Sumberdaya Mineral
Renschler CS. 2003. Designing geo-spatial interfaces to scale process models: the GeoWEPP approach. Hydrological Processes. 17 : 1005-1017
[Setneg] Sekretariat Negera Republik Indonesia. 2009. Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara. Jakarta (ID): Setneg
Suhartanto. 2005. Pendugaan Erosi, Sedimen dan Limpasan Berbasis Model Hidrologi WEPP dan SIG di Sub-DAS Ciriung, DAS Cidanau [Tesis]. Bogor (ID) : Institut Pertanian Bogor
Wahyudin I, widodo S, Nurwaskito A. 2018. Analisis Penanganan Air Asam Tambang Batubara. Jurnal Geomine. 6(2) : 85-89
Wasis B, Arifin and Winata B. 2018. Impact of bauxite mine to natural forest biomass and soil properties in Kas Island, Riau Island Province in Indonesia. Agriculture and Environmental Science. 3(3): 264-269
Wu JQ, Dun S, Rhee H, Liu X, Elliot WJ, Golnar T, Frankenberger JR, Flanagan DC, Conrad PW, McNearny RL. 2011. Applying Wepp Technologies to Western Alkaline Surface Coal Mines : Presented at the International Symposium on Erosion and Landscape Evolution 2011 September 18–21: Alaska. Amerika Serikat. Alaska (US): American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE)
Yüksel EE, Özalp M &Yildirimer S. 2016. Using a Geospatial Interface (Geowepp) to Predict Soil Loss, Runoff and Sediment Yield of Kokolet Creek Watershed. International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Sciences (IJEES). 6 (3): 437-442
Zinziao Y, Xiaoming Z & Lili N. 2009. Simulated multi-scale watershed runoff and sediment production based on GeoWEPP model. International Journal of Sediment Research. 24(4) : 465-478.
Authors
SantosoR. S., MulatsihS. and SetiawanY. (2022) “Analysis of Erosion Management Based on GeoWEPP Spatial Modeling on Bauxite Mining Activities PT. XYZ in West Borneo”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 12(1), pp. 82-96. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.12.1.82-96.
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