Pollution Load Capacity in the Downstream Citarum Watershed: 4 years after Citarum Harum Program
Abstract
Citarum River is one of the strategically valuable rivers in Indonesia, especially on Java Island. Since 2018, the central government has carried out the "Citarum Harum" program to revitalize the river while improving its reputation of Citarum as one of the dirtiest rivers in the world. This study aimed to see the pollution load capacity of the downstream Citarum River 4 years after the revitalization program was implemented. Downstream Citarum Watershed (Karawang Regency) was chosen as the focus of the study site because of the very high risk of contamination. This research was comparing the pollution load capacity of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in 2022 using Qual2Kw software and 2017 based on the data analyzed by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. River revitalization over the last 4 years has significantly reduced the BOD value in the downstream Citarum Watershed. The success of this revitalization program can be a reference for other watershed management toward environmental improvement using the same scheme. This study is expected to provide updated information on water quality in the downstream Citarum watershed several years after revitalization and provide an overview of the important functions of river revitalization
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Chen X, Chen Y, Shimizu T, Niu J, Nakagami K, Qian X, Jia B, Nakajima J, Han J, and Li J. 2017. Water resources management in the urban agglomeration of the Lake Biwa region, Japan: An ecosystem services-based sustainability assessment. Science of the Total Environment. 586(3): 174–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.197
Fashae OA, Ayorinde HA, Olusola AO, and Obateru RO. 2019. Landuse and surface water quality in an emerging urban city. Applied Water Science. 9(2): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-019-0903-2
Hidayat H, Aisyah S, Rahmadya A, Husrin S, Hermana IS, Hurley R, and Olsen M. 2022. Quantification of riverbank macroplastic contamination in the lower Ctarum River. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 950(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/950/1/012010
Idris AMS, Permadi ASC, Kamil AI, Wananda BR, and Taufani AR. 2019. Citarum Harum Project: A restoration model of river basin. Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning. 3(3): 310–324. https://doi.org/10.36574/jpp.v3i3.85
Khan I, Lei H, Ali G, Ali S, and Zhao M. 2019. Public attitudes, preferences and willingness to pay for river ecosystem services. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 16(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193707
Kurniawan V, Setyarini NLSE, Kushartomo W, Tajudin AN, and Sandjaya A. 2019. Citarum Harum – investigasi lapangan untuk mengukur tingkat sedimentasi pada Sungai Citarum. Jurnal Bakti Masyarakat Indonesia. 1(2): 119–126. https://doi.org/10.24912/jbmi.v1i2.2895
Liu Y, Hou L, Bian W, Zhou B, Liang D, and Li J. 2020. Turbidity in combined sewer sewage: An identification of stormwater detention tanks. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093053
MoEF. 2017. Book of Study of Capacity and Pollution Loads Allocation in The Citarum River. Jakarta: MoEF.
Murtadho A, Pravitasari AE, Munibah K, and Rustiadi E. 2020. Spatial distribution pattern of village development index in Karawang Regency using spatial autocorrelation approach. Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah and Kota. 16(2): 102–111. https://doi.org/10.14710/pwk.v16i2.24883
Nugraha WD, Hadi SP, Sasongko SB, Istirokhatun T, Faradiba F, Nopita A, Handayani DS, Muhammad FI, Susanto H, and Budihardjo MA. 2022. Pollution load capacity assessment by utilizing QUAL2E modelling: A case study of Rambut River, Indonesia. Journal of Ecological Engineering. 23(3): 154–161. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/145543
Sejati AW, Buchori I, and Rudiarto I. 2018. The Impact of urbanization to forest degradation in metropolitan Semarang: A preliminary study. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 123(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/123/1/012011
Singh V, Nagpoore NK, Jaichand, and Lehri A. 2020. Monitoring and assessment of pollution load in surface water of River Ganga around Kanpur, India: A study for suitability of this water for different uses. Environmental Technology and Innovation. 18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.100676
Spalevic V, Barovic G, Vujacic D, Curovic M, Behzadfar M, Djurovic N, Dudic B, and Billi P. 2020. The impact of land use changes on soil erosion in the river basin of miocki potok, montenegro. Water (Switzerland). 12(11): 1–28. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12112973
Spears BM, Hamilton DP, Pan Y, Zhaosheng C, and May L. 2022. Lake management: is prevention better than cure?. Inland Waters. 12(1): 173–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2021.1895646
Swati SS and Faruqui AN. 2018. Investigation on ecological parameters and COD minimization of textile effluent generated after dyeing with mono and bi-functional reactive dyes. Environmental Technology and Innovation. 11: 165–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2018.06.003
Zakia Z, Agustina D, Dewi MP, Ismowati M, Vikaliana R, and Saputra M. 2019. Mewujudkan Sistem Pengelolaan Sampah Melalui Program Citarum Harum. Jurnal Komunitas : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. 1(2): 38–43.
Authors
PermatasariP. A., AmaloL. F., PangestuR. and PutraM. D. (2022) “Pollution Load Capacity in the Downstream Citarum Watershed: 4 years after Citarum Harum Program”, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management). Bogor, ID, 12(4), pp. 706-719. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.12.4.706-719.
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