Aktivitas antioksidan DPPH dari ekstrak rumput laut dengan kajian metaanalisis Antioxidant activity of DPPH from seaweed extract using meta analysis study
Article Sidebar
Accepted
21 December 2023
Published
29 December 2023
Keywords:
-
extraction, habitat, OpenMEE, Rosenthal
Abstract
Seaweed is a fishery product that possesses antioxidant activity and is used as a functional food source. The popularity of natural antioxidants is on the rise due to the perception that they are more secure in terms of their level of safety. In recent years, reports have emerged regarding the antioxidant activity of seaweeds using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) testing method; however, the findings have been inconsistent. Hence, the necessity of employing analytical techniques and extracting conclusions from a diverse range of literature through meta-analysis has become apparent. The objective of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to identify the highest antioxidant activity in seaweed extracts, considering the type of seaweed, habitat, method of extraction, and type of solvent used. This study was conducted through a series of steps, including the formulation of research questions, establishment of inclusion and exclusion criteria, conduct of a literature search and selection of articles, extraction of data, processing of data, and interpretation of the results of the meta-analysis. Using quantitative data analysis with the aid of OpenMEE software, our meta-analysis of 14 pertinent articles yielded an overall effect size (SMD) of -10,563, indicating a statistically significant superiority of ascorbic acid's antioxidant activity in comparison to that of seaweed. Moreover, the high level of heterogeneity necessitated a subgroup analysis. Subgroup analysis revealed that among the various subgroups examined, red seaweed grown in India exhibited the highest antioxidant activity when subjected to the Soxhlet extraction method and 95% ethanol solvent. According to the Rosenthal test, this study was free of publication bias.
References
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Astra, M. D. F, Aini, N., & Bintari, Y. R. (2022). Pengaruh metode ekstraksi (maserasi, digerasi, sokhletasi) terhadap aktivitas antioksidan rumput laut Gracilaria verrucose. Journal of Community Medicine, 10(2), 1-7.
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Budhiyanti, S. A., Raharjo, S., Marseno, D. W., & Lelana, I. Y. B. (2012). Antioxidant activity of brown algae Sargassum species extract from the Coastline of Java Island. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 7(3), 337-346. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajabssp.2012.337.346.
Deepak, P., Sowmiya, R., Balasubramani, G., & Perumal, P. (2017). Phytochemical profiling of Turbinaria ornata and its antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects. Journal of Taibah University Medical Science, 12(4), 329-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.02.002.
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Jensen, G., Ginsberg, G. I., & Drapeu, C. (2001). Blue-green algae as an immune enhancer and biomodulator. Jana, 3(4), 24-30.
Kalia, K., Sharma, K., Singh, H. P., & Singh, B. (2008). Effects of extraction methods on phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in aerial parts of potentilla atrosanguinea lodd and quantification of its phenolic constituents by RPHPLC. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(21), 10129–10134. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf802188b.
[Kemenkes] Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2020). Farmakope Indonesia edisi VI. Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
[KKP] Kementrian Kelautan dan Perikanan. (2022). Kelautan dan Perikanan Dalam Angka. http: www.kkp.go.id/. [15 November 2022].
Kossmeier, M., Tran, U. S., & Voracek, M. (2020). Charting the landscape of graphical displays for meta-analysis and systematic reviews: a comprehensive review, taxonomy, and feature analysis. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 20(26), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-020-0911-9.
Lee, S. H., Ko, C. I., Jee, Y., Jeong, Y., Kim, M., & Kim, J. S. (2013). Anti-inflammatory effect of fucoidan extracted from Ecklonia cava in zebrafish model. Carbohydrate Polymer, 92(1), 84–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.066.
Lin, H. C., Tsai, W. S., & Chiu, T. H. 2012. Antioxidant properties of seven cultivated and netural edible seaweed extracts from Taiwan. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 21(3), 248-264. https://doi.org/10.1080/10498850.2011.594211.
Mokoginta, E. P., Runtuwene, M. R. J., & Wehantouw, F. (2013). Pengaruh metode ekstraksi terhadap aktivitas penangkal radikal bebas ekstrak metanol kulit biji pinang yaki (Areca vestiaria Giseke). Pharmacon Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 2(4), 109-113.
Monteiro, C. A., Engelen, A., Serrao, E, A., & Santos, R. (2009). Habitat differences in the timing of reproduction of the invasive alga Sargassum muticum (Phaeophyta, Sargassaceae) over tidal and lunar cycles. Journal of Phycology, 45, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00619.x.
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Nurhayati, P. D., Abdulgani, N., & Febrianto, R. (2006). Uji toksisitas ekstrak Eucheuma alvarezii terhadap Artemia salina sebagai studi pendahuluan potensi antikanker. Akta Kimindo, 2(1), 41-46.
Paviani, L. C., Fiorito, G., Sacoda, P., & Cabral, F. A. (2013). Different solvents for extraction of brazilian green propolis: composition and extraction yield of phenolic compounds Colombia, 1-7.
Purwaningsih, S., & Deskawati, E. (2020). Karakteristik dan aktivitas antioksidan rumput laut Gracilaria sp. asal Banten. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 23(3), 503-512. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v23i3.32808.
Puspantari, W., Kusnandar, F., Lioe, H. N., & Laily, N. (2020). Penghambatan fraksi fukoidan rumput laut cokelat (Sargassum polycystum dan Turbinaria conoides) terhadap α-amilase dan α-glukosidase. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 23(1), 122-136. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v23i1.30925.
Puspitasari, M. L., Tara, V. M., Tri, D. W., Jaya, M. M., & Nur, I. P. N. (2016). Aktivitas antioksidan suplemen herbal daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dan kulit manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.). Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri, 4(1), 283-290.
Putra, A. A. B., Bogoriani, N. W., Diantariani, N. P., & Sumadewi, N. L. U. (2014). Ekstraksi zat warna alam dari bonggol tanaman pisang (Musa paradiasciaca L.) dengan metode maserasi, refluks, dan sokletasi. Jurnal Kimia, 8(1), 113-119. https://doi.org/10.24843/JCHEM.2014.v08.i01.p18.
Rajauria, G., Foley, B., & Abu-Ghannam, N. (2016). Identification and characterization of phenolic antioxidant compounds from brown irish seaweed himanthalia elongata using LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Journal Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 37, 261-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2016.02.005.
Rezaeizadeh, A., Zuki, A. B. Z., Abdollahi, M., Goh, Y. M., Noordin, M. M., Hamid, M., & Azmi, T. I. (2011). Determination of antioxidant activity in methanolic and chloroformic extract of Momordica charantia. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(24), 4932-4940.
Saibaba, K. V. N. (2023). Application of next generation biosurfactants in the food sector. Academic Press.
Samartha, R. M., Panwar, M., Kumar, M., Soni, A., Kumar, M., & Kumar, A. (2008). Evaluation of antioxidant and radical-scavenging activities of certain radioprotective plant extracts. Food Chemistry, 106(2), 868-873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.005.
Sanger, G., Widjanarko, S. B., Kusnadi, J., & Berhimpon, S. (2013). Antioxidant activity of methanol extract of seaweeds obtained from North Sulawesi. Food Science and Quality Management, 2013(19), 63-70.
Taiz, L., & Zeiger, E. (2002). Plant Physiology. Sinauer Associates, Inc.
Tawfik, G. M, Dila, K. A. S., Mohamed, M. Y. F., Tam, D. N. H., Kien, N. D., Ahmed, A. M., & Huy, N. T. (2019). A step by step guide for conducting a systematic review and metaanalysis with simulation data. Trop Med Health, 47(46), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-019-0165-6.
Vinayak, R. C., Sabu, A.S., & Chatterji, A. (2010). Bio-prospecting of a few brown seaweeds for their cytotoxic and antioxidant activity. Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/neq024.
Wazir, D., Ahmad, S., Muse, R., Mahmood, M., & Shukor, M. Y., (2011). Antioxidant activities of different parts of Gnetum gnemon L. Journal Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 20(2), 234-240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-011-0051-8.
Wikanta, T., Januar, H. I., & Nursid, M. (2005). Uji aktivitas antioksidan, toksisitas dan sitoksisitas ekstrak alga merah Rhodymenia palmate. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 11(4), 41-49. https://doi.org/10.15578/jppi.11.4.2005.41-49.
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Andayani, R., Novita, R., & Verawati. (2015, November 06-07). Pengaruh metode ekstraksi tehadap kadar xanton total dalam ekstrak kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostaana L.) dengan metode spektrofotometri ultraviolet. Prosiding Seminar Nasional & Workshop “Perkembangan Terkini Sains Farmasi & Klinik 5”, Padang, Indonesia.
Arbi, B., Ma’ruf, W. F., & Romadhon. (2016). Aktivitas senyawa bioaktif selada laut (Ulva lactuca) sebagai antioksidan pada minyak ikan. Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology, 12(1), 12-18. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijfst.12.1.12-18.
Arguelles, E. D. L. R., & Sapin, A. B. (2020). Bioactive properties of Sargassum siliquosum J. Agardh (Fucales, Ochrophyta) and its potential as source of skin-lightening active ingredient for cosmetic application. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 10(7), 51-58. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2020.10707.
Astra, M. D. F, Aini, N., & Bintari, Y. R. (2022). Pengaruh metode ekstraksi (maserasi, digerasi, sokhletasi) terhadap aktivitas antioksidan rumput laut Gracilaria verrucose. Journal of Community Medicine, 10(2), 1-7.
Baihakki., Feliarta., & Wikanta, T. (2015). Extraction of polyphenol from Sargassum sp. and its entrapment in the nanochitosan. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Riau, 2(1), 1-12.
Budhiyanti, S. A., Raharjo, S., Marseno, D. W., & Lelana, I. Y. B. (2012). Antioxidant activity of brown algae Sargassum species extract from the Coastline of Java Island. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 7(3), 337-346. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajabssp.2012.337.346.
Deepak, P., Sowmiya, R., Balasubramani, G., & Perumal, P. (2017). Phytochemical profiling of Turbinaria ornata and its antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects. Journal of Taibah University Medical Science, 12(4), 329-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.02.002.
Deore, S. L., & Khadabadi, S. S. (2009). Screening of antistress properties of chlorophytum borivilianum tuber. Pharmacologyonlin, 1, 320-328.
Farasat, M., Khavari-Nejad, R. A., Nabavi, S. M. B., & Namjooyan, F. (2014). Antioxidant activity, total phenolics and flavonoid contents of some edible green seaweeds from Northern Coasts of the Persian gulf. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(1), 163-170.
Fragkos, K. C., Tsagris, M., & Frangos, C. C. (2014). Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis: Confidence Intervals for Rosenthal’s Fail-Safe Number. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2014, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/825383.
Foon T. S., Ai, L. A., Kuppusamy, P., Yusoff, M. M., & Govindan, N. (2013). Studies on in-vitro antioxidant activity of marine edible seaweeds from the east coastal region of Peninsular Malaysia using different extraction. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 1(3), 193-198. https://doi.org/10.12980/JCLM.1.2013C1189.
Hatam, S. F., Suryanto, E., & Abidjulu, J. (2013). Aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak kulit nanas (Ananas comosus (L) Merr). Pharmacon, 2(1), 8-11. https://doi.org/10.35799/pha.2.2013.880.
Heo, S. J., Cha, S. H., Lee, K. W., Cho, S. K., & Jeon, Y. J. (2005). Antioxidant activities of chlorophyta and phaeophyta from Jeju Island. Algae, 20(3), 251-260. https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2005.20.3.251.
Indahyani, D. E., Praharani, D., Barid, I., & Handayani, A. T. W. (2019). Aktivitas antioksidan dan total polisakarida ekstrak rumput laut merah, hijau dan cokelat dari Pantai Jangkar Situbondo. Stomatognatic, 16(2), 64-69. https://doi.org/10.19184/stoma.v16i2.23094.
Islami, F., Ridlo, A., & Pramesti, R., (2014). Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak rumput laut Turbinaria decurrens Bory De Saint-Vincent dari Pantai Krakal, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Journal of Marine Research, 3(4), 605-616. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v3i4.11422.
Jensen, G., Ginsberg, G. I., & Drapeu, C. (2001). Blue-green algae as an immune enhancer and biomodulator. Jana, 3(4), 24-30.
Kalia, K., Sharma, K., Singh, H. P., & Singh, B. (2008). Effects of extraction methods on phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in aerial parts of potentilla atrosanguinea lodd and quantification of its phenolic constituents by RPHPLC. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(21), 10129–10134. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf802188b.
[Kemenkes] Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2020). Farmakope Indonesia edisi VI. Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
[KKP] Kementrian Kelautan dan Perikanan. (2022). Kelautan dan Perikanan Dalam Angka. http: www.kkp.go.id/. [15 November 2022].
Kossmeier, M., Tran, U. S., & Voracek, M. (2020). Charting the landscape of graphical displays for meta-analysis and systematic reviews: a comprehensive review, taxonomy, and feature analysis. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 20(26), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-020-0911-9.
Lee, S. H., Ko, C. I., Jee, Y., Jeong, Y., Kim, M., & Kim, J. S. (2013). Anti-inflammatory effect of fucoidan extracted from Ecklonia cava in zebrafish model. Carbohydrate Polymer, 92(1), 84–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.066.
Lin, H. C., Tsai, W. S., & Chiu, T. H. 2012. Antioxidant properties of seven cultivated and netural edible seaweed extracts from Taiwan. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 21(3), 248-264. https://doi.org/10.1080/10498850.2011.594211.
Mokoginta, E. P., Runtuwene, M. R. J., & Wehantouw, F. (2013). Pengaruh metode ekstraksi terhadap aktivitas penangkal radikal bebas ekstrak metanol kulit biji pinang yaki (Areca vestiaria Giseke). Pharmacon Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 2(4), 109-113.
Monteiro, C. A., Engelen, A., Serrao, E, A., & Santos, R. (2009). Habitat differences in the timing of reproduction of the invasive alga Sargassum muticum (Phaeophyta, Sargassaceae) over tidal and lunar cycles. Journal of Phycology, 45, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00619.x.
Muzaki, A. F., Setyati, W. A., Subagiyo, Pramesti, R. (2018). Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak rumput laut Halimeda macroloba dari Pantai Teluk Awur, Jepara, Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Enggano, 3(2), 144-155. https://doi.org/10.31186/jenggano.3.2.144-155.
Namvar, F., Mohamad, R., Baharara, J., Balanejad, S. Z., Fargahi, F., & Rahman, H. S. (2013). Antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antiangiogenesis eeffects of polyphenol-rich seaweed (Sargassum muticum). Biomed Research International, 2013, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/604787.
Nurhayati, P. D., Abdulgani, N., & Febrianto, R. (2006). Uji toksisitas ekstrak Eucheuma alvarezii terhadap Artemia salina sebagai studi pendahuluan potensi antikanker. Akta Kimindo, 2(1), 41-46.
Paviani, L. C., Fiorito, G., Sacoda, P., & Cabral, F. A. (2013). Different solvents for extraction of brazilian green propolis: composition and extraction yield of phenolic compounds Colombia, 1-7.
Purwaningsih, S., & Deskawati, E. (2020). Karakteristik dan aktivitas antioksidan rumput laut Gracilaria sp. asal Banten. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 23(3), 503-512. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v23i3.32808.
Puspantari, W., Kusnandar, F., Lioe, H. N., & Laily, N. (2020). Penghambatan fraksi fukoidan rumput laut cokelat (Sargassum polycystum dan Turbinaria conoides) terhadap α-amilase dan α-glukosidase. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 23(1), 122-136. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v23i1.30925.
Puspitasari, M. L., Tara, V. M., Tri, D. W., Jaya, M. M., & Nur, I. P. N. (2016). Aktivitas antioksidan suplemen herbal daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dan kulit manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.). Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri, 4(1), 283-290.
Putra, A. A. B., Bogoriani, N. W., Diantariani, N. P., & Sumadewi, N. L. U. (2014). Ekstraksi zat warna alam dari bonggol tanaman pisang (Musa paradiasciaca L.) dengan metode maserasi, refluks, dan sokletasi. Jurnal Kimia, 8(1), 113-119. https://doi.org/10.24843/JCHEM.2014.v08.i01.p18.
Rajauria, G., Foley, B., & Abu-Ghannam, N. (2016). Identification and characterization of phenolic antioxidant compounds from brown irish seaweed himanthalia elongata using LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Journal Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 37, 261-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2016.02.005.
Rezaeizadeh, A., Zuki, A. B. Z., Abdollahi, M., Goh, Y. M., Noordin, M. M., Hamid, M., & Azmi, T. I. (2011). Determination of antioxidant activity in methanolic and chloroformic extract of Momordica charantia. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(24), 4932-4940.
Saibaba, K. V. N. (2023). Application of next generation biosurfactants in the food sector. Academic Press.
Samartha, R. M., Panwar, M., Kumar, M., Soni, A., Kumar, M., & Kumar, A. (2008). Evaluation of antioxidant and radical-scavenging activities of certain radioprotective plant extracts. Food Chemistry, 106(2), 868-873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.005.
Sanger, G., Widjanarko, S. B., Kusnadi, J., & Berhimpon, S. (2013). Antioxidant activity of methanol extract of seaweeds obtained from North Sulawesi. Food Science and Quality Management, 2013(19), 63-70.
Taiz, L., & Zeiger, E. (2002). Plant Physiology. Sinauer Associates, Inc.
Tawfik, G. M, Dila, K. A. S., Mohamed, M. Y. F., Tam, D. N. H., Kien, N. D., Ahmed, A. M., & Huy, N. T. (2019). A step by step guide for conducting a systematic review and metaanalysis with simulation data. Trop Med Health, 47(46), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-019-0165-6.
Vinayak, R. C., Sabu, A.S., & Chatterji, A. (2010). Bio-prospecting of a few brown seaweeds for their cytotoxic and antioxidant activity. Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/neq024.
Wazir, D., Ahmad, S., Muse, R., Mahmood, M., & Shukor, M. Y., (2011). Antioxidant activities of different parts of Gnetum gnemon L. Journal Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 20(2), 234-240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-011-0051-8.
Wikanta, T., Januar, H. I., & Nursid, M. (2005). Uji aktivitas antioksidan, toksisitas dan sitoksisitas ekstrak alga merah Rhodymenia palmate. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 11(4), 41-49. https://doi.org/10.15578/jppi.11.4.2005.41-49.
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RakhmawatiI. A. I., SukarnoS., & SitanggangA. B. (2023). Aktivitas antioksidan DPPH dari ekstrak rumput laut dengan kajian metaanalisis: Antioxidant activity of DPPH from seaweed extract using meta analysis study. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 26(3), 520-534. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v26i3.48087
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