Ecological Analysis of Community and Private Partnership in Tree Planting Program to Rehabilitate Degraded Lands: A Case Study in East Java, Indonesia

Lia Hapsari, Titut Yulistyarini, Trimanto, Setyawan Agung Danarto, Shofiyatul Mas'udah, Janis Damaiyani, Rachmawan Adi Laksono, Ardiawan Jati, Sugeng Budiharta

Abstract

Community and private partnership (CPP) in tree planting initiative is potential to accelerate rehabilitation of degraded lands. Yet, empirical studies to analyse such programs are limited. Here, we analysed a CPP tree planting program in East Java, Indonesia by focusing on ecological aspects, i.e. vegetation cover changes, floristic diversity, above-ground carbon storage, and soil and microclimate conditions. Results showed that there was a striking increase in vegetation cover, yielding  a total carbon sequestration of 3,853 tons, or equivalent to the reduction of 14,140 tons of CO2 emissions. On the other hand, co-benefits in term of floristic diversity at a landscape scale was low, and soil and micro-climate conditions were still marginal. This study provided empirical evidence that collaboration between communities and private entities in tree planting program can be effective in rehabilitation of degraded lands. Improvement in land management systems applied in tree planting through the implementation of mixed gardens or complex agroforestry is suggested if aiming for co-benefits in floristic diversity and soil properties. Our study recommends a broader adoption of a similar scheme in rehabilitation of degraded lands across Indonesia.

References

Agus, C., Karyanto, O., Hardiwinoto, S., Na’iem, M., Kita, S., Haibara, K., & Toda, H. (2001). Biomass productivity and carbon stock in short rotation plantation of Gmelina arborea Roxb. in tropical forest. Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1, 11–16.
Asase, A., & Tetteh, D. A. (2010). The role of complex agroforestry systems in the conservation of forest tree diversity and structure in southeastern Ghana. Agroforestry Systems, 79, 355–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-010-9311-1
Astuti, R., Wasis, B., & Hilwan, I. (2020). Carbon stock potential in rehabilitation land at Gunung Mas District, Central Kalimantan. Media Konservasi, 25, 140–148. https://doi.org/10.29244/medkon.25.2.140-148
Bhagwat, S. A., Willis, K. J., Birks, H. J. B., & Whittaker, R. J. (2008). Agroforestry: a refuge for tropical biodiversity?. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 23, 261–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2008.01.005
[BMKG] Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika Karangploso Malang. (2019). Climate data in Banyuglugur District, Situbondo Regency, East Java, Indonesia 2014–2018. Malang: Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika, Stasiun Klimatologi Kelas II Malang.
Budiharta, S., Meijaard, E., Gaveau, D. L. A., Struebig, M. J., Wilting, A., …, & Wilson, K. A. (2018). Restoration to offset the impacts of developments at a landscape scale reveals opportunities, challenges and tough choices. Global Environmental Change, 52, 152–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2018.07.008
Budiharta, S., Meijaard, E., Wells, J. A., Abram, N. K., & Wilson, K. A. (2016). Enhancing feasibility: Incorporating a socio-ecological systems framework into restoration planning. Environmental Science and Policy, 64, 83–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2016.06.014
Budiharta, S., Slik, F., Raes, N., Meijaard, E., Erskine, P. D., & Wilson, K. A. (2014). Estimating the aboveground biomass of Bornean Forest. Biotropica, 46, 507511. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12132
Chave, J., Andalo, C., Brown, S., Cairns, M., Chambers, J., Eamus, D., ..., & Yamakura, T. (2005). Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests. Oecologia, 145, 87–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0100-x
Chazdon, R. L., Brancalion, P. H. S., Lamb, D., Laestadius, L., Calmon, M., & Kumar, C. (2017). A policy-driven knowledge agenda for global forest and landscape restoration. Conservation Letters, 10, 125–132. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12220
Chokkalingam, U., Sabogal, C., Almeida, E., Carandang, A.P., Gumartini, T., de Jong, W., ..., & Wibowo, L. R. (2005). Local participation, livelihood needs, and institutional arrangements: Three keys to sustainable rehabilitation of degraded tropical forest lands. In S. Mansourian., D. Vallauri., & N. Dudley (Eds.), Forest restoration in landscapes (pp. 405–414). New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-29112-1_58
Fiqa, A. P., Yulistyarini, T., & Arisoesilaningsih, E. (2018). Ecosystem services assessment after 13 years’ restoration program in the Janitri Water Spring Conservation Area at Batu City. Indonesian Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, 9, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpal.2018.009.01.01
Franzluebbers, A. J., & Doraiswamy, P. C. (2007). Carbon sequestration and land degradation. In M.V.K. Sivakumar & N. Ndiang’ui (Eds.), Climate and land degradation (pp. 343–358). Heidelberg: Springer Berlin. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72438-4
Ginting, T. T., & Prayogo, C. (2018). Estimation of carbon stock of teak forest (Tectona grandis Linn. F) using various allometric equations on various age classes of teak. Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, 5, 10191026.
Gusli, S., Sumeni, S., Sabodin, R., Muqfi, I. H., Nur, M., Hairiah, K. Useng, D., & van Noordwijk, M. (2020). Soil organic matter, mitigation of and adaptation to climate change in cocoa–based agroforestry systems. Land, 9, 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9090323
Hairiah, K., Dewi, S., Agus, F., Velarde, S., Ekadinata, A., Rahayu, S., & van Noordwijk, M. (2011). Measuring carbon stocks across land use systems: a manual. Bogor, Indonesia: World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), SEA Regional Office.
Hapsari, L., Trimanto, & Budiharta, S. (2020). Spontaneous plant recolonization on reclaimed post-coal mining sites in East Kalimantan, Indonesia: Native versus alien and succession progress. Biodiversitas, 21, 2003–2018. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210527
Jose, S. (2012). Agroforestry for conserving and enhancing biodiversity. Agroforestry Systems, 85, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-012-9517-5
Ketterings, Q. M., Coe, R., Van Noordwijk, M., Ambagau, Y., & Palm, C. A. (2001). Reducing uncertainty in the use of allometric biomass equations for predicting above-ground tree biomass in mixed secondary forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 146, 199–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00460-6
Krebs, C. J. (1978). Ecology the experimental analysis of distribution and abundance. New York: Harper and Row Publisher.
Lukito, M., & Rohmatiah, A. (2013). Biomass and carbon estimation of 5-year-old teak plantations (Case of Nusantara Superior Teak Plantation Forest (JUN) Krowe Village, Lembeyan District, Magetan Regency). Jurnal Agritek, 14, 123.
Lusiya, D. H., Darusman, D., & Nuryantono (2020). Implementation of loan for delaying timber harvesting for private forest in Blora Regency and Wonosobo Regencies, Central Java Province. Jurnal Penelitian Sosial dan Ekonomi Kehutanan, 17, 117–135. https://doi.org/10.20886/jpsek.2020.17.2.117-135
Martius, C., Hofer, H., Garcia, M. V. B., Rombke, J., Forster, B., & Hanagarth, W. (2004). Microclimate in agroforestry systems in central Amazonia: Does canopy closure matter to soil organisms?. Agroforestry Systems, 60, 291–304. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AGFO.0000024419.20709.6c
Mather, P. M. & Koch, M. (2011). Computer processing of remotely-sensed images: An introduction (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470666517
Mittal, M. L., Sharma, C., & Singh, R. (2012, August 13–16). Estimates of emissions from coal fired thermal power plants in India [Conference presentation]. International Emission Inventory Conference. Florida, United States of America.
Mulyana, D., Budi, S. W., Wasis, B., & Wulandari, A. S. (2011). Perubahan lingkungan mikro pada berbagai penutupan lahan hasil revegetasi. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 27, 24–28.
Nawir, A. A., Murniati., & Rumboko, L. (Eds.). (2007). Forest rehabilitation in Indonesia: Where to after three decades?. Bogor: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR).
Pandit, R., Parrotta, J., Anker, Y., Coudel, E., Morejón, C. F. D., Harris, J., ...., & Simelane, P. N. (2018). Responses to halt land degradation and to restore degraded land. In L. Montanarella, R. Scholes, & A. Brainich (Eds.), The IPBES assessment report on land degradation and restoration (pp. 435–528). Secretariat Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Retrieved from https://www.ipbes.net/assessment-reports/ldr
Paudel, S. & Sah, J. P. (2015). Effects of different management practices on stand composition and species diversity in subtropical forests in Nepal: Implications of community participation in biodiversity conservation. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 34, 738–760. https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2015.1036298
[PDI KLHK] Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. (Eds.). (2021). Statistik 2020 Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. Jakarta: Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan.
Puspitojati, T., Mile, Y. M., Fauziah, E., & Darusman, D. (2014). Hutan rakyat: Sumbangsih masyarakat pedesaan untuk hutan tanaman. Yogyakarta: PT Kanisius.
PT POMI-PT Paiton Energy. (2015). Environment baseline approach (Final Report). PT POMI-PT Paiton Energy, Sekola KONANG, Laboratorium Lingkungan dan Bioteknologi Perairan-Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, Komunitas Mitra Tani Hutan Desa Selobanteng. Probolinggo: PT POMI-PT Paiton Energy.
Rahmawati, R. B., Hardiwinoto, S., Widiyatno, Budiadi Amin, Y., & Hasanusi, A. (2021). Space planting, competition, and productivity of a seven-year-old clonal teak plantation in the East Java monsoon forest area. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 27, 123–131. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.27.2.123
Rashed, A. H., & Shah, A. (2021). The role of private sector in the implementation of sustainable development goals. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23, 2931–2948. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00718-w
Rochmayanto, Y., Wibowo, A., Lugina, M., Butarbutar, T., Mulyadin, R. M., & Wicaksono, D. (2014). Carbon stocks in various forest and plant types in Indonesia (2nd ed.). Yogyakarta: PT Kanisius.
Sabastian, G., Kanowski, P., Race, D., Williams, E., & Roshetko, J. M. (2014). Household and farm attributes affecting adoption of smallholder timber management practices by tree growers in Gunungkidul region, Indonesia. Agroforestry Systems, 88, 257–268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-014-9673-x
Sadono, R. (2019). Effects of competition on the crown width allometry for dominant trees on good sites of vegetative clonal teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) in Java, Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 25, 104–114. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.25.2.104
Santika, T., Budiharta, S., Law, E. A., Dennis, R. A., Dohong, A., Struebig, M. J., ..., & Wilson, K. A. (2020). Interannual climate variation, land type and village livelihood effects on fires in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Global Environmental Change, 64, 102129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102129
Scherr, S. J. (1995) Economic factors in farmer adoption of agroforestry: Patterns observed in Western Kenya. World Development, 23, 787–804. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(95)00005-W
Siarudin, M., & Indrajaya, Y. (2017). Carbon stock dynamics of gmelina (Gmellina arborea Roxb.) based agroforestry in private forest, Tasikmalaya and Banjar District, West Java. Jurnal Wasian, 4, 37–46.
Siarudin, M., Winara, A., Indrajaya, Y., Badrunasar, A., Rahayu, S., & Roshetko, J. M. (2017). Agroforestry and Forestry in Sulawesi Series: Biodiversity of tree species in agroforestry community forests in the Balangtieng Watershed, South Sulawesi [Working Paper No. 253]. Bogor: World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), SEA Regional Office.
Soerianegara, I., & Indrawan, A. (1998). Ekologi hutan indonesia. Bogor: Fakultas Kehutanan IPB.
[SRI] Soil Research Institute. (2009). Technical manual: Chemical analysis of soil, plants, water and fertilizers (2nd ed.). Bogor: Soil Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture.
Stephenson, N., Das, A., Condit, R., Russo, S. E., Baker, P. J., Beckman, N. G., ..., & Zavala, M. A. (2014). Rate of tree carbon accumulation increases continuously with tree size. Nature, 507, 90–93. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12914
Tacconi, L., & Muttaqin, M. Z. (2019). Policy forum: Institutional architecture and activities to reduce emissions from forests in Indonesia. Forest Policy and Economics, 108, 101980. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.101980
Tiryana, T. (2016). Simulating harvest schedule for timber management and multipurpose management in teak plantations. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 22(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.22.1.1
Trimanto, Hapsari, L., & Budiharta, S. (2021). Integrating indicators of natural regeneration, enrichment planting, above-ground carbon stock, micro-climate and soil to assess vegetation succession in post-mining reclamation in tropical forest. Turkish Journal of Botany, 45, 457467. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-2103-35
Tsujino, R., Yumoto, T., Kitamura, S., Djamaluddin, I., & Darnaedi, D. (2016). History of forest loss and degradation in Indonesia. Land Use Policy, 57, 335–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.05.034
Usaborisut, P., & Ampanmanee, J. (2015). Compaction properties of silty soils in relation to soil texture, moisture content and organic matter. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 10, 178–185. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajabssp.2015.178.185
Villamor, G. B., Le, Q. B., Djanibekov, U., Van Noordwijk, M., & Vlek, P. L. G. (2014). Biodiversity in rubber agroforests, carbon emissions, and rural livelihoods: An agent-based model of land-use dynamics in lowland Sumatra. Environmental Modelling and Software, 61, 151–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.07.013
Wells, J. A., Wilson, K. A., Abram, N. K., Nunn, M., Gaveau, D. L. A., Runting, R. K., ..., & Meijaard, E. (2016). Rising floodwaters: Mapping impacts and perceptions of flooding in Indonesian Borneo. Environmental Research Letters, 11, 064016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/6/064016
Willemen, L., Nangendo, G., Belnap, J., Bolashvili, N., Denboba, M. A., Douterlungne, D., ..., & Hahn, T. (2018). Decision support to address land degradation and support restoration of degraded land. In L. Montanarella, R. Scholes, & A. Brainich (Eds.), The IPBES assessment report on land degradation and restoration (pp. 591–648). Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Retrieved from https://www.ipbes.net/assessment-reports/ldr
Wolff, F., & Klink, D. (2015). The private sector, CSR and sustainable land use: Recent trends. Berlin: Öko-Institut. Retrieved from https://www.ecologic.eu/sites/default/files/project/2021/%C3%96ko-Institut_GLOBALANDS_Private%20sector%20CSR%20and%20sust%20land%20use.pdf
Wotlolan, D. L, Lowry, J. H., Wales, N. A., & Glencross, K. (2021). Land suitability evaluation for multiple crop agroforestry planning using GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis: A case study in Fiji. Agroforestry Systems, 95, 1519–1532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-021-00661-3
Yulistyarini, T., Fiqa, A. P., & Laksono, R. A. (2016). Conservation area at Cirebon Quarry (Mt. Blindis) and its potency in carbon sequestration. Jurnal Biologi Indonesia, 12, 49–55.
Zanne, A. E., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Coomes, D. A., Ilic, J., Jansen, S., Lewis, S. L., & Chave, J. (2009). Global wood density database. Dryad Identifier. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10255/dryad.235
Ziadat, F., Zdruli, P., Christiansen, S., Caon, L., Monem, M. A., & Fetsi, T. (2022) An overview of land degradation and sustainable land management in the Near East and North Africa. Sustainable Agriculture Research, 11, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5539/sar.v11n1p11

Authors

Lia Hapsari
hapsari.lia@gmail.com (Primary Contact)
Titut Yulistyarini
Trimanto
Setyawan Agung Danarto
Shofiyatul Mas'udah
Janis Damaiyani
Rachmawan Adi Laksono
Ardiawan Jati
Sugeng Budiharta
HapsariL., YulistyariniT., Trimanto, DanartoS. A., Mas’udahS., DamaiyaniJ., LaksonoR. A., JatiA., & BudihartaS. (2023). Ecological Analysis of Community and Private Partnership in Tree Planting Program to Rehabilitate Degraded Lands: A Case Study in East Java, Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika, 29(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.29.1.22

Article Details

Diversity of Collembola on Various Post-Rehabilitation Land Covers

Risandika Astanovia Dewi, Ananto Triyogo, Eny Faridah
Abstract View : 50
Download :59

Tropical Peat Swamp Management Options: A Case Study Using System Dynamic in Southern Aceh

Aswandi Aswandi, Ronggo Sadono, Haryono Supriyo, Hartono Hartono
Abstract View : 1121
Download :806