Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan

Body Image, Eating Behaviour, and Physical Activity among Students at National Defence University of Malaysia

Mohd Syrinaz Azli — 2024-08-31

This study aimed to explore the relationship between body image, eating behaviour, and physical activity among students at the National Defence University of Malaysia (UPNM). A total of 114 students, aged between 19 to 31 years old, were requited from the National Defence University of Malaysia (UPNM). Data were collected using an online self-report questionnaire which consists of four sections; Sociodemographic Form, Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ), Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Almost half of the respondents have normal BMI, whereas 20.2% were underweight and 23.7% were overweight and obese. Mean body image avoidance scores for civilian students, Reserve Officer Training Unit (ROTU), and cadets were 38.88±12.39, 42.71±6.34, and 44.00±16.05, respectively. Furthermore, high physical activity level was seen the most among civilian students (72.3%) compared to (57.1%) and cadets (41.7%). Significant associations were found between body image and eating behaviour (p<0.001). No association was observed between body image with physical activity (p>0.05) and eating behaviour with physical activity (p>0.05). To conclude, the respondents with a risk of the eating disorder tend to have higher body image avoidance, and the physical activity level did not seem to be concerning body image and eating behaviour in this study.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Traditional Herbs and Spices Consumption among Adults in Malaysia

Emmy Hainida Khairul Ikram — 2024-08-31

This research aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding traditional herbs and spices consumption among Malaysian adults aged 18 to 60 years. A- 5-parts close-ended questionnaire was partially adapted and modified from articles and validated by 11 experts. Data collection was performed by using an online questionnaire (n=281). Most participants are female (75.4%) and Malay (85.1%), followed by Chinese (10.0%), Indian (2.1%), and other ethnicities (2.8%) such as Sabah natives, Iban, Dusun, and Javanese. Most respondents consumed traditional herbs and spices. Centella asiatica ('pegaga'), ginseng, Labisia pumila ('kacip fatimah'), and longjack ('tongkat ali') were the most consumed herbs whereas lemongrass, garlic, ginger, turmeric, and star anise were the most consumed spices. The study found good knowledge, fair attitude, and poor practice regarding traditional herbs and spices consumption. Knowledge was significantly associated with ethnicity, while consumption status was associated with attitude and practice levels. A moderate and positive correlation was observed between attitudes and practices. Enhancing public knowledge and promoting positive attitudes towards these traditional ingredients is essential for preserving cultural heritage and incorporating them into modern diets.

Nutrition Knowledge and the use of Nutrition Labels among Undergraduate Students in UiTM Puncak Alam

Emmy Hainida Khairul Ikram — 2024-08-31

This study aimed to determine the relationship between socio-demographic factors, nutrition knowledge, and the use of nutrition information labels during food purchases among undergraduate students in UiTM Puncak Alam. In this cross-sectional study, 156 undergraduate students between 18 and 25 years old were recruited from different locations in UiTM Puncak Alam. Data collection involved a self-report questionnaire with five sections covering sociodemographic and anthropometric information, nutrition knowledge level, use of food and nutrition labels, factors influencing label usage, and preferences for nutrition information formats. The Fisher’s Exact Test revealed no significant association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and nutrition knowledge or nutrition label usage (p>0.05). However, gender is significantly associated with nutrition knowledge (p<0.05). As for nutrition knowledge and nutrition label usage, there was no significant association between the level of nutrition knowledge and the use of nutrition labels during food purchases (p>0.05). To summarize, this research may determine the most recent data on general nutrition knowledge patterns among university students following the COVID-19 outbreak and underscores the importance of nutrition awareness in empowering students to make informed dietary choices, improving their health and well-being, necessitating targeted interventions and further research for a healthier, nutritionally aware generation.

Relationship between Use of Food Delivery Applications, Fat Intake, Physical Activity and Weight Status among Students

Aurelia Gracia Chiquita Sony — 2024-08-31

This study aimed to determine the relationship between food delivery app usage, fat intake, physical activity, and the overweight status of students at public high school in Jakarta. The cross-sectional study involved 77 students from grades X and XI. The frequency of food delivery was grouped into ≥3 times/week or less. Types of food were grouped into light or heavy meals. Physical activity was measured using IPAQ-SF (International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form) and fat intake using SQ FFQ (Semi-Quantitative - Food Frequency Questionnaire). Fat intake was grouped into sufficient and excess category. Physical activity was grouped into low and sufficient category. Chi-square analysis found that there is a significant correlation between overweight status and frequency of food delivery application usage (p<0.001). However, there is no significant correlation between overweight status with the type of food ordered (p=0.467) as well as the amount of food ordered (p=0.655). On the other hand, fat intake showed a significant association with overweight status in adolescents (p<0.001). A significant association was also found between physical activity and overweight (p<0.05). This study showed that the adolescents’ use of food delivery applications, fat intake, and physical activity have a significant correlation with their overweight status. However, the type and amount of food ordered did not show a significant correlation. Despite the insight offered, the study was small and limited in one school hence generalization of findings is limited. Thus, a larger study with diverse subjects is needed.

Association Between Diabetes-Related Nutrition Knowledge and Weight Status Among Cadet and Non-cadet Students at Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM)

Izzatul Hareesa Zaidi — 2024-08-31

The aim of this study is to investigate the association between diabetes-related nutrition knowledge and body weight status among non-diabetic young adults. This cross-sectional study utilized a questionnaire assessing socio-demographic and Diabetes-Related Nutrition Knowledge-Questionnaire (DRNK-Q). Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured using standard protocols, and body weight categories were established using the Body Mass Index (BMI). Data from 320 young adults, aged 18‒26 years old, were collected from Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM). Participants were divided into two categories based on their knowledge scores. Overall, the study's respondents exhibited low DRNK (52.8%) and high DRNK (47.2%). Majority of respondents have normal body weight (55.7%); nevertheless, there is no relationship between body weight and diabetes-related nutrition knowledge. To conclude, there is no knowledge difference between cadet and non-cadet. Therefore, public health initiatives must customize interventions suitable to support behavior and lifestyle changes based on the amount of diabetes awareness.

Examining Factors in Preventing Foodborne Diseases among Food Handlers at Military Dining Hall

Mohamad Shakir Eddy Warman — 2024-08-31

This study aims to determine Food Safety (FS) knowledge, practice in preventing Foodborne Disease (FBD), and risk perception related to food handling among food handlers at military bases. An Optimistic Bias (OB) in preventing FBD were examined based on the risk perception responses. A set of questionnaires was sent to an officer at each military base in Malaysia. Later, the officer would conveniently distribute the questionnaire to approximately half of the targeted respondents. A total of 284 data were gathered and were analysed using SPSS version 20. The findings revealed that food handlers had good FS knowledge scores and practice to prevent FBD. However, it was found that different risk perception levels were present, indicating OB. The existence of OB was observed in all comparisons and situations except for the question about sanitising utensils. Hence, a conclusion can be made that there is a tendency that food handlers tend to neglect and overlook FS procedures, and can contaminate foods due to the presence of OB. This study will contribute significantly to military foodservice establishments in Malaysia regarding food hygiene and safety awareness.

Nutritional Values of Artocarpus odoratissimus (Terap) Fruit and its Antioxidant Capacity as Affected by Superheated-steam Treatment

Azizah Othman — 2024-08-31

This study was carried out to evaluate the nutrient composition, Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) and antioxidant capacity of Artocarpus odoratissimus by using DPPH and FRAP assays. Results showed that nutrient compositions were quite similar to other reported studies. As for the antioxidant potential of the fruit, both the flesh and seed treated with Superheated-Steam (SHS) showed significantly higher TPC, TFC, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) (except the flesh showing no significant difference) values compared to the Freeze-Dried (FD) samples. The SHS-treated seed showed the highest values in all the assays conducted, exhibiting the superior antioxidant potential of the seed over the flesh. The seed also contained a higher composition of fat, protein, ash and carbohydrate than the flesh, while the flesh, on the other hand, showed higher moisture content and crude fibre compared to the seed (p<0.05). This study has demonstrated that SHS has the ability to enhance the polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of terap fruit.

Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Bario Rice Varieties as Potential Gluten-Free Food Ingredients

Noorul Athiera Mohd Azlie — 2024-08-31

This study aimed to analyse the proximate composition, physical characteristics, and functional attributes of flour of four selected varieties of Bario rice (Oryza sativa L. Opaceae.): Bario Adan, Bario Padan, Bario Hitam, and Bario Kulit Merah. The rice flour was prepared using a semi-wet grinding method. The results on proximate composition showed that the moisture content ranged from 12.56% to 13.87%. All flours were high in crude fibre and low in fat content ranged 23.07 to 25.30% and 2.46 to 2.69%, respectively. Bario Padan exhibited the highest amount of crude fibre and protein (p<0.05). There were significant differences (p<0.05) observed for L, a*, and b* values, Bario Hitam shows the lowest L* (5.29) and b* (4.96) value (p<0.05). The functional properties among flour variety differ significantly (p<0.05) with a range of 1.160 to 1.257 g/g for water absorption capacity and oil holding capacity ranged from 0.970 to 1.158 g/g. Highest swelling power was obtained in Bario Adan (5.594 g/g) while Bario Padan possessed highest water solubility index (0.099%). In conclusion, Bario rice varieties showcased favourable nutritional and functional traits, indicating their potential as gluten-free ingredients in the formulation of food products.

Unveiling Determinants in Rice Supply Chain Studies: A Bibliometric Analysis on Food Security

Tengku Nurul Aishah Tengku Aziz — 2024-08-31

This paper seeks to provide an overview of the characteristics of the Rice Supply Chain (RSC) as studied across various research areas related to food security concerns. In agriculture, Rice Self-Sufficiency (RSS) level is an indicator of food security. However, food security encompasses broader factors such as availability, accessibility, stability, and utilisation. Given that rice holds significant importance as one of the world's staple foods, addressing the increasing demand for rice is seen as a crucial strategy to enhance national resilience against food insecurity. Inefficiencies in the rice supply chain can negatively impact production, storage, and distribution, consequently diminishing the RSS. In line with the growing attention to food security, there is a need to better understand the importance of sustaining the production of rice to cater to food security issues within broader academic research. Thus, this study has two main objectives: 1) to examine the characteristics and development of literature related to the RSC and, 2) to identify the thematic areas related to the RSC research and their connections to specific disciplines. To achieve this, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis of 165 journal articles listed in the Web of Science (WoS) and SCOPUS databases was conducted. This analysis revealed significant findings in research activity, highlighting the extensive and multidisciplinary nature of the studies. Study results indicate a gap in relational bibliometric studies within the field of RSC. Nevertheless, there is still potential for increased collaboration across disciplines and further investigation into how diverse RSC studies touch on food security issues for future reference.

The Proximate Analysis and Sensory Hedonic Evaluation of Energy Drink (Agarbomb)

Siti Nuruljannah Ahmad Lutfy — 2024-08-31

The main purposes of this study are to assess the consumers' acceptance of the sensory attributes of energy powder made from guarana as caffeine and to determine the nutritional values of energy powder made from guarana as a substitute for coffee. The method used to conduct this research is measuring proximate analysis of ash, moisture, protein, fat, and crude fibre to identify energy powder's nutrient content. Besides, it discovers the acceptance of energy drinks towards potential consumers by undergoing a 7-point hedonic sensory evaluation test of 25 semi-panels. The outcomes gained from this research are low protein, low fat, and high minerals due to the high ash content, presenting that it is acceptable for energy drinks since it usually focuses on total energy and sugar for energy boost. The panellist's acceptance is concentrated in viscosity and colour, which might concern Agarbomb’s improvement in aroma, taste, and overall acceptability.

The Proximate Analysis and Sensory Evaluation of Super Seed Cookies

Emmy Hainida Khairul Ikram — 2024-08-31

This study aimed to determine the nutritional content and assess the consumers' acceptance of the sensory attributes of the Super Seed Cookies, which contained sacha inchi nuts, pumpkin seeds, almonds, and oats as added ingredients. The cookie was developed by a company named Mad About Cake. The cookie was analysed by measuring its proximate composition, such as moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, and carbohydrate content. This research also discovered the consumers' acceptance of the cookies by undergoing a 7-point hedonic sensory evaluation test among 30 semi-trained panelists. The proximate analysis results revealed that the Super Seed Cookies contained 4.06±0.07% of moisture, 1.80±0.04% of ash, 0.31±0.01% of protein, 3.16±0.00% of crude fiber, 7.67±0.00% of crude fat, and 83.00±0.00% of carbohydrates. In addition, the sensory evaluation results found that the consumers neither liked nor disliked all the sensory attributes of the cookies. In conclusion, improvement of the Super Seed Cookie's nutrient contents and sensory attributes is needed to make the cookies a healthy food product choice and meet the consumer's preferences before the cookies are commercialised to the market.

Development and Validation of Postnatal Diet, Lactation, and Emotion Management (LEDies) Module

Nur Nazihah Rahmat — 2024-08-31

This study aims to develop and validate a module on managing diet, lactation, and emotion for postnatal mothers. This cross-sectional study involves three phases: needs assessment, module development, and module validation. About 37 mothers aged 18 to 49 years old with infants less than 6 months were recruited, and information on postnatal care practices, lactation knowledge, and emotion were obtained for module development. The guidelines from the Ministry of Health Malaysia and literature served as the foundation for the module that was developed following the requirements assessment utilizing the Health Belief Model (HBM). Content and face validity of the module is carried out to validate the developed module. The validation form used was adapted from Silveira de Castro (2007) which consists of seven criteria, two criteria related to content validity and another five criteria related to face validity. The content validity was assessed using a Content Validity Index (CVI). CVI was calculated using two different formulas: I-CVI and S-CVI. Meanwhile, a level of agreement was used in the data for the module's face. From the need assessment, most mothers with restricted seafood and nuts intake struggled to breastfeed and about 21.6% of them experienced postpartum depression. The developed module has been validated with both mean I-CVI and S-CVI more than 0.78 and 0.80, respectively. Meanwhile, five face validation components achieved 75% agreement, confirming the validity. In conclusion, the developed module named The LEDies has good validity and can serve as teaching material for postnatal mothers caring for themselves and their infants during the postpartum period.

Effect of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Overripe Banana Sweetener Addition on the Nutritional Composition and Palatability of Cookies

Linlin Nie — 2024-08-31

This study aimed to assess the qualities of butter biscuits made with seaweed flour (Kappaphycus alvarezii, (KA) (0, 4, and 8%) and Overripe Banana Sweetener (ORBS) (0, 50, and 100%) as a partial replacement for wheat flour and table sugar. A.O.A.C. and hedonic methodologies have been used to analyze the nutritional composition, color, and sensory evaluation of butter cookies. The increase in ORBS in cookie formulation resulted in a significant rise in the nutritional qualities of butter cookies, according to the result. Butter cookies with 4% seaweed flour and 100% ORBS had higher total dietary fiber (19.6%) and ash (3.07%) values. Sensory scores for the control (0%) and 4% seaweed flour-incorporated cookies did not differ substantially across all sensory qualities. However, the addition of 4% seaweed flour and 50% ORBS resulted in the highest scores for aroma, flavor, and overall acceptance. In conclusion, substituting 4% seaweed flour for wheat flour and 50% ORBS for table sugar could be an effective combination to make nutritious and tasty butter cookies.

Infant Feeding Practices among Mothers with a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Selangor

Nur Syafika Ramlee — 2024-08-31

This study aims to determine infant feeding practices including breastfeeding initiation, exclusive breastfeeding, duration of breastfeeding and complementary feeding, feeding practices related factors among mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) history, and the association between Infant and Young Child Feeding indicators and GDM status. A cross-sectional study (n=130) was conducted from February to June 2023 in Meru and Bandar Botanic health clinics. Data on infant feeding practices were gathered from GDM mothers and children aged below two years. Findings showed that 43.8% (n=57) of the mothers had initiated breastfeeding within an hour, 57.7% (n=75) infants were exclusively breastfed, 30.0% (n=39) continued breastfeeding for one year and 81.9% (n=68) had an appropriate time of complementary feeding. Mothers who had caesarean-section delivery and GDM were more likely to initiate breastfeeding after an hour of delivery, p<0.05. Exclusive breastfeeding was highly practiced by older, multiparous, and higher education mothers. Unemployed mothers were more likely to continue breastfeeding for one year. GDM mothers were more inclined to delay breastfeeding initiation and introduced complementary feeding appropriately, p<0.05. This study's findings bridge the gap in providing information on infant feeding practices among mothers with a history of GDM and therefore might be beneficial for related personnel to figure out how to overcome this concerning issue in the future.

Sociodemographics and Dietary Intake Associations with Gestational Weight Gain Rates Among Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Mothers

Syahrul Bariah Abdul Hamid — 2024-08-31

This study aims to assess the rates of Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) among pregnant mothers with and without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and to investigate the sociodemographic and dietary intake factors associated with the rates of GWG. This cross-sectional study involved 77 pregnant mothers visiting selected government clinics. Sociodemographics, medical records, and dietary intake were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire. The mean age of the participants was 30.48±5.0 years old with 48.1% (n=37) of them were GDM diagnosed. Moreover, 27 (73.0%) of GDM mothers experienced abnormal GWG. Their mean intakes were 1,481±389 kcal/day, macronutrients such as carbohydrate, protein, and fat were 199.9±59.3 g/day, 75.5±23.9 g/day, 44.1±15.3 g/day accordingly, fiber was 6.9±7.0 g/day and followed by micronutrients such as folate, calcium, iron, and zinc were 137.4±78.9 μg/day, 738.6±335.3 mg/day, 16.8±7.1 mg/day, and 6.0±2.6 mg/day respectively. This study reported no significant association between GDM status and GWG rates but there was a significant association between pre-pregnancy BMI and zinc intake with rates of GWG among pregnant mothers (p<0.05). In conclusion, the latest guidelines of GWG rates should include GDM status among pregnant mothers according to the specific pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) to ensure, they can adhere to the new recommendations and lower the risk of pregnancy complications that may occur due to abnormal rates of GWG.

Correlation Between Diet History and Nutritional Status of Children Aged 24–59 Months in Tarumajaya, Bekasi in 2019

Lailan Safina Nasution — 2024-08-31

This study aimed to analyze the correlation between diet history and the nutritional status of pre-school children. This was an analytical observational study using a cross-sectional design. Sam-ples were 96 children aged 24‒59 months in Tarumajaya, Bekasi, West Java. Diet history was obtained from questionnaires containing history of breastfeeding and diet since the infancy period. The children’s heights were measured using a microtoise stature meter. Subjects were considered stunted if their Height-for-Age Z-score was minus 2 or lower according to WHO Child Growth Standard. Data was analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Out of the 96 children, 16 (16.7%) were stunted. There were 80 (83.3%) children who received exclusive breastfeeding, 51 (53.1%) who received an appropriate frequency of meals, 78 (81.3%) who met the minimum dietary diversity, and 29 (30.2%) who had a minimum acceptable diet. Fisher’s exact test showed that dietary diversity was a significant factor for stunted children (p<0.001).

Determinant of Non-pregnant Women's Anemia in Banggai Regency

Dian Kurniasari Yuwono — 2024-08-31

This study purpose is to seek the determinant factors of anemia in non-pregnant women in Banggai Regency. With a cross-sectional design, we collect data from 308 non-pregnant women through non-probability sampling. Variables collected were age, Body Mass Index (BMI), Middle Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), abdominal circumference, education, ownership of a healthy latrine, water source for cooking, and daily consumption of iron-source food such as legumes, green vegetables, also fish or meat. Bivariate and logistic regression was used to identify variables that correlate with anemia. The mean age and hemoglobin levels were 30±6.2 years and 12.7±1.5 g/dL, respectively. About 80 (25.97%) of the subjects were anemic. Bivariate analysis shows that water from standardized sources/facilities for cooking, ownership of a healthy latrine, MUAC, daily consumption of legumes, and daily consumption of fish or meat were variables that significantly correlated with anemia (p<0.05). Moreover, after we performed logistic regression, non-pregnant women who did not use standardized clean water for cooking (OR 2.19; p=0.09) and did not consume fish or meat daily (OR 2.28; p=0.02) were at higher risk of having anemia. Determinant factors that significantly correlate with anemia in Banggai Regency's non-pregnant women were water utilization from not-standardized sources/facilities for cooking and not consuming of fish or meat daily. Local governments should include these variables in their new reformulated and innovative stunting-reducing programs. Thus, perhaps they can achieve their expected targets, such as non-anemic pregnant women, which, in the long run, can reduce stunting.

Parental Feeding Styles Related to the Stunting in Sleman, Indonesia

Nur Aisyah Bella — 2024-08-31

The study aimed to determine the correlation between parental feeding style and stunting in toddlers. This study was an observational method with a cross-sectional design. The population of this study were all mothers of toddlers who were in the Minggir Puskesmas (Public Health Center) working area. The sample size in this study was 114 mothers of toddlers, and the sample was chosen using the cluster random sampling technique. Determination of parenting style variables based on demandingness and responsiveness scores. There are four categories of parental feeding styles, namely democratic, authoritarian, permissive, and neglect parenting. Anthropometric measurements of toddlers were carried out directly, and interviews using the parental feeding style questionnaire that had been tested for validation and reliability. That the data was analyzed with Fisher’s Exact test. The Fisher’s Exact test revealed that there was a correlation between parental feeding styles approaches to the stunting incidence with the value of p=0.000 (p<0.05). The parental feeding style that mostly applied to cause stunting is the neglect-feeding style (8.8%). Parents should further improve their parenting patterns by always paying attention to food intake, especially the amount, frequency of feeding, and type of food.

An Online Cross-Sectional Survey: Changes in Food Group Consumption on Complementary Feeding during COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Herwinda Kusuma Rahayu — 2024-08-31

This study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on food group consumption of complementary feeding in Indonesia. Data were collected using online self-administered questionnaires on Indonesian mothers of children aged 6–23 months. The result showed that households with decreased ability to provide food during the COVID-19 pandemic tended to choose unhealthy food groups on complementary feeding. There were higher odds of unhealthy food consumption, such as sweetened beverages, including fruit juice (OR=3.181; 95% CI:1.788−5.657) and homemade drink with sweeteners (OR=1.652; 95% CI:1.034−2.641); sugar confection (OR=2.066; 95% CI:1.240−3.444); frozen treats (OR=2.270; 95% CI:1.400−3.681), baked or fried confection (OR=2.154; 95% CI:1.435−3.235); fried and salty foods (OR=1.633; 95% CI:1.059−2.517). Meanwhile, the odds of food group consumption which lower during COVID-19 pandemic mostly are animal source foods group, including yogurt (OR=0.297; 95% CI:0.161−0.548); yogurt drink (OR=0.253; 95% CI:0.138−0.464); cheese (OR=0.355; 95% CI:0.230−0.549); eggs (OR=0.675; 95% CI:0.461−0.991); fish or seafood (OR=0.409; 95% CI:0.279−0.600); organ meats (OR=0.304; 95% CI:0.180−0.512); meats (OR=0.339; 95% CI:0.225−0.511); and poultry (OR=0.339; 95% CI:0.225−0.511). However, effective strategy for enhancing complementary feeding quality during pandemic should be formulated.

Genetic Variation’s Impact on Weight: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mohd Ramadan Ab Hamid — 2024-08-31

This study investigates the genetic factors influencing precision weight management, contributing insights to the enduring debate on hereditary versus environmental influences on obesity. The primary objective is to identify genetic variations as predictive markers for weight management and evaluate their impact on weight control. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline, this research systematically reviews articles that meet specific criteria, with no specific timeline due to limited research on genetic variation in this context. Inclusion criteria mandate the provision of weight and BMI data at the beginning and end of interventions, demonstrating weight reduction. Exclusions cover animal studies, non-English papers, and articles lacking baseline or pre/post-intervention data. The review incorporates comprehensive searches on Scopus, Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science, employing Review Manager for meta-analysis. The study concentrates on Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) rs9939609, rs10830963, and rs1052700 across 10 investigations. Despite lacking statistical significance, the findings suggest that these genetic polymorphisms enhance weight loss potential for recessive genotypes. A discernible preference for non-risk genotypes in weight loss efforts emerges. For instance, individuals with the non-risk A allele of rs9939609 experience weight loss with a Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) diet, while those with the non-risk G allele of rs10830963 effectively manage weight with a low-fat diet. Similarly, rs1052700 indicates that individuals with the T allele shed more weight by consuming meals earlier during the day. Although statistically insignificant, the non-risk genotype for all three SNPs demonstrates potential for weight loss. This suggests that participants possessing the non-risk allele can effectively manage their weight through interventions provided by weight loss programs.

Prebiotic Activity of Plants from Cucurbitaceae Family and In Vitro Fermentation by Gut Microbiota

Saffanah Mohd Ab Azid — 2024-08-31

This study aims to examine the effect of Freeze-Dried Pumpkin Powder (FDPP), Freeze-Dried Winter Melon Powder (FDWMP), Freeze-Dried Rock Melon Powder (FDRMP), inulin, and D glucose on prebiotic activity score by in vitro fermentation. We also elucidate the changes in bacterial populations through batch culture fermentation using fecal samples from 5 healthy volunteers and In vitro fecal fermentation using batch culture and analyses of Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs). The growth of Bifidobacterium has significantly increased from 0 (8.90±0.05 log10 cells/mL) and 72h (8.83±0.14 log10 cells/mL) for D glucose and FDWMP (8.75±0.07 log10 cells/mL (0h) and 8.87±0.12 log10 cells/mL (72h)). However, the increase in population was not significant for inulin (9.15±0.06 log10 cells/mL), FDPP (9.04±0.12 log10 cells/mL), and FDRMP (8.67±0.08 log10 cells/mL). The number of Lactobacili significantly increased at 6h for FDPP (9.11±0.07 log10 cells/mL) and 24h for FDWMP (8.88±0.07 log10 cells/mL) and FDRMP (8.80±0.09 log10 cells/mL). Acetic acid was detected in all samples, and the concentration increased in all vessels at any given time except for the FDWMP fermentation, which decreased after 0h and increased after 6h. Overall, FDWMP has increased the probiotic growth of L. plantarum TISTR 1465 and exhibit the highest prebiotic index. As a result, it is suggested that the FDWMP be potentially used as a healthy raw material in developing varieties of functional prebiotic food products.

[JGP] Back Matter

JGP JGP — 2024-09-06

[JGP] Table of Contents

JGP JGP — 2024-09-17

[JGP] Front Matter

JGP JGP — 2024-09-17