Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia

First Report of Celery mosaic virus Infecting Celery (Apium graveolens) in Indonesia

Dhayanti Makyorukty — 2024-05-29

Celery mosaic virus (CeMV), member of genus Potyvirus, is reported for the first time in Indonesia, from celery plants (Apium graveolens) in a vegetable field at Berastagi, North Sumatera Province. The plants possessed mosaic and vein clearing symptoms on the leaves as typical of CeMV infection. Virus incidence was confirmed by RT-PCR using degenerate potyvirus primer which amplified partial coat protein and 3’-UTR of the viral genome. Phylogenetic tree analysis placed Indonesian CeMV isolates in one separated clade within CeMV group and shared 96.5%–96.7% nucleotide identity with exemplar isolate of CeMV.

Potensi Mikrob Endofit dalam Menekan Penyakit Busuk Umbi pada Tanaman Bawang Merah

Rahmah Dian Sari — 2024-05-31

Potential of Endophytic Microbes in Suppressing Basal Rot Disease in Shallot Plants

Shallots are one of the leading horticultural commodities in Indonesia. One of the constraints on shallot production in Indonesia is basal rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Several endophytic microbes have been reported to play a role as biological agents and effectively suppress plant diseases. This study aims to determine the ability of Bacillus siamensis, Chaetomium sp., Curvularia lunata, and Trichoderma asperellum to suppress the growth of F. oxysporum. The endophytic microbes are collection of Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University. In vitro assay was carried out using dual culture assay and production of antifungal volatile organic compounds (VOC) assay. VOC assay was conducted on PDA and TSA medium with concentration levels of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. In vivo assay was conducted by planting shallot bulbs after soaking in the endophytic microbial suspension, followed by inoculation of F. oxysporum at 1 week after planting. Inhibition of the growth of F. oxysporum on dual culture assay reached 51.41% (B. siamensis), 71.04% (Chaetomium sp.), 69.45% (C. lunata), and 74.55% (T. asperellum); while VOC assay also indicated inhibition by endophytic microbes with relative inhibition level of 34.45% (B. siamensis), 14.53% (Chaetomium sp.), 35.23% (C. lunata), and 42.57% (T. asperellum). Suppression of disease incidence by endophytic microbes reached 60.00% to 73.33%.

Analisis Keterkaitan Budi Daya Petani terhadap Penyakit Tular Tanah Lada di Bangka

Ferri Stya Budi — 2024-05-31

Analysis of the Correlation between Farmers' Cultivation and Soil-borne Diseases of Pepper in Bangka

The decrease in planted area and production of black pepper (Piper nigrum) in Bangka is influenced by soil-borne diseases such as yellow disease, basal rot disease, and white root disease. Soil-borne diseases are closely related to biotic and abiotic factors that trigger their development, such as cultivation techniques practiced by farmers. This study aims to identify distribution and cultivation techniques that trigger the development of soil-borne diseases in black pepper plants in Bangka. The study was conducted in the districts of South Bangka, Central Bangka, Bangka, and West Bangka in Province of Bangka Belitung Islands. Field data collection was conducted through observations of disease intensity and structured interviews with farmers. The analysis results are presented in cross-tabulation tables for each soil-borne disease with correspondence plots to see distribution of cultivation factor groups on disease incidence levels. The results showed that yellow disease is the dominant soil-borne disease of pepper plantations in Bangka Island, followed by basal rot and white root. Correspondence analysis using the chi-square test at α 0.05, the cultivation factors that were significantly correlated with the intensity of yellow disease were plant age, plant population, seedling source, planting pattern, organic matter, and shading. While the factors that significantly affect the intensity of basal rot are seedling source, shading, and sanitation. Vine prunning is closely related to the incidence of white root disease. Cultivation techniques have been identified as an important factor in the development of pepper soil-borne diseases in Bangka. Further research is needed to identify the interrelationships between these factors.

Keragaman Spesies Colletotrichum yang Berasosiasi dengan Buah Jeruk Impor dan Potensinya Menginfeksi Tanaman Cabai, Karet, dan Kakao di Indonesia

Joni Hidayat — 2024-06-27

Diversity of Colletotrichum Species Assosiated with Imported Citrus Fruits, and their Potential to Infect Chili, Rubber, and Cacao Trees in Indonesia

Colletotrichum species have been widely reported as causative agents of anthracnose in citrus trees. The importation of citrus fruits brings the risks of introducing introducing species of Colletotrichum new to Indonesian territory. This research was conducted to identify species of Colletotrichum from imported citrus fruits and to evaluate their potential to infect important horticultural and plantation crops in Indonesia. A total of 7 Colletotrichum isolates were isolated from imported citrus fruit from China, Pakistan, and Indonesian local citrus fruit. The Colletotrichum isolates were observed for their morphological and molecular characteristics as well as their pathogenicity on citrus fruit, chili, rubber and cocoa trees. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using the MLSA (multilocus sequence analysis) method which combines the ITS, ACT, TUB2 and GAPDH gene loci. Identification of Colletotrichum isolates resulted in one species of the C. boninense complex species (C. karstii) and 3 species of the C. gloeosporioides complex species (C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto, and C. siamense). The Colletotrichum isolate from Indonesian citrus was identified as C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto. The C. fructicola strain could infect chilies, while the C. karstii strain could infect chili and cocoa. Strain of C. gloeosporioides s.s. and C. siamense have a wider host range, namely chili, rubber, and cocoa. Several species of Colletotrichum carried by imported citrus fruits could become pathogens in several important crops in Indonesia, including chili, rubber, and cocoa.