., Harianto, Indonesia

  • Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 33 No. 2 (2010): Forum Pascasarjana - Articles

    The purposes of this research were, (1) to analyze fiscal policy impact on food security performance and (2) to determine strategic policy on food security in North Sumatera Province.  Model of fiscal policy in North Sumatera Province which was built with the dynamic simultaneous equations system and used 2SLS with SYSLIN and SIMNLIN procedures.  In this study we also used pooled data in 1990-2007 period.  The results of this study showed that (1) factors of  fiscal performance in North Sumatera, i.e. local tax and tax sharing were influenced by local GDP positively, otherwise general alocation funds and local retribution were not  influenced by local GDP; (2) during fiscal policy, food security performance increased, which was interpreted with increasing on live expectation age, decreasing infant mortality number, and malnutrition number; (3) in simulation section, decreasing of illiteracy and health expenditure gave better impact on food security and also increasing local GDP than other simulation.  Fiscal policy, especially in health and education sector, will stimulate quality social life in the future.

     

    Key words: local fiscal policy, food security, simultaneous equations


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  • Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 33 No. 3 (2010): Forum Pascasarjana - Articles

    The objectives of this research are identifying factors that influence the farmer’s decision to develop human resources and analyzing the role of human resources development to the income of farmer household.  Theoretical framework based on the analysis of farmer household economic using descriptive analysis and econometric using single equation.  The research location at province of Yogyakarta Province that are Bantul District represent coastal area and Kulon Progo District represents mountainous area.  The result of economic analysis  shows factors that influence the farmer’s decision to make activity in human resources investment are farmer’s motivation, farmer’s education, amount of family members, farmer’s savings, perceptions toward human resources development and relation with organization.  Investment for human resources development at coastal area is higher than at mountainous area.  The income of farmers at coastal area influenced by education investment and health investment, while the income of farmers at mountainous area influenced by farmers education and family member education.  The implication of this research are the government facilitate better education and health services for farmers household, in order to access finance and market organization easier, optimizing all institution at rural area.

     

    Key words: model of farmers household economic, human resources development and income of farmer household


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  • Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 33 No. 4 (2010): Forum Pascasarjana - Articles

    Rice consumption contributes the largest spending among Indonesian. Meanwhile, the changing price of rice is influenced by national inflation. Increased in rice consumption is caused by the increase of population.  It is, therefore, clear that the problem of the rice price increament relates to rice demand and supply.  This research was aimed to analize (1) factors influenced the demand and supply of rice in Indonesia; (2) effectivity of government floor price purchasing policy (GFPPP) vis-à-vis brown rice price policy in frame of increasing rice production; (3) impact of GFPPP on rice demand and supply in Indonesia. The research used time series data ranging from the year of 1981 to 2005. Two stages least square (2SLS) method was used to analyze the data by means of SAS/ETS Version 6.12. It is concluded that the GFPPP increased rice supply in Indonesia. The GFPPP also increased rice price at farmer level and rice production, but decreased demand of the brown rice.  

     

    Keywords: rice, supply demand, policy of base price purchasing of government
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  • Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 33 No. 4 (2010): Forum Pascasarjana - Articles

    Gender and food security are highly correlated.  The specific aims this study are (1) to analyze working time allocation based on gender, (2) to examine the income contribution of women to family income, and (3) to evaluate factors affecting food security at household level.  The phenomena of gender inequality and the high rate of malnutrition cases in the District of South Konawe indicate the persistent of food insecurity problems in household level.  Descriptive-qualitative analysis was employed to examine the first two objectives, while econometric approach was used to analyze the last.  Due to the dependent variable has biner characteristic, logit model was employed, and since the cumulative distribution of dependent variables was nonlinear, maximum likelihood was employed to estimate the parameter.  The results of this study were : (1) gender working time allocation shows different pattern between man and women, while women working time allocations was focused on domestic activities, man working time allocation was concentrated on farming activities, (2) women contribute more income  from non-farm activities compared to man did, and (3) factors considered to affect the food security at farmer’s household level were family size, gender based income of non farm activities, and on-farm income.

     

    Key words: gender, food security, logit model, maximum likelihood estimation, income


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  • Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 31 No. 3 (2008): Forum Pascasarjana - Articles

    Rural banks (BPRs) have some roles to small industries especially in rural area.  The roles of BPRs are very important to develop the small industries because their capitals still limited.  But BPRs have some problems to conduct their roles.  The objectives of this study were (1) to identify small industries that being client of BPRs in West Sumatra and (2) to analyze the impact of credit to the increasing of small industries performance.  Those objectives can be analyzed using descriptive approaches and econometrics in form of small industries model as simultaneous equation.  The result showed that amount of credit that received by small industries was only significant to value small industries but not significant to using labor.  There was no difference between the performance of constructed rural bank’s credit clients and non-constructed rural bank’s credit clients.

    Key words: credit, rural banks, financial performance, small industries
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  • Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 31 No. 2 (2008): Forum Pascasarjana - Articles

    Migration is a natural process to distribute labor surplus in origin regions to destination regions having a high level of labor demand, but in recent years migration causes labor surplus and unemployment in the destination region.  The objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of migration on labor market behavior and to evaluate the impact of internal migration policy on labor market behavior in Indonesia.  To reach this objective, a simultaneous equation model containing 15 structural equations and 5 identities equations are constructed.  The analysis use time series 1985-2006 data.  Model was estimated by 2SLS method and simulation was used the Newton method.  The results of this research indicated that migration influence labor supply in Jawa, Kalimantan and other island.  Factors that influence labor demand in Java are amount of industry and government development expenditure, but in Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and other island influenced by total investment, government development expenditure and lag labor demand.  The impact of internal migration policy on labor market by way of increasing minimum wage can not solve labor market problem because the policy cause increase unemployment in each island.  The impact of increasing minimum wage and government development expenditure can solve labor market problem through decreasing unemployment, although average wage in each island is increasing.  The policy can also solve distribution of population by way of decreasing migration to Jawa.

     

    Key words: internal migration, labor market


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  • Forum Pasca Sarjana Vol. 31 No. 4 (2008): Forum Pascasarjana - Articles

    Credit aid programs can be used as a mean to improve the contribution of fishery sector. The impact of such credit on traditional fisheries was determined on the fishery productivity and their traditional fisherman income in Sulawesi Tengah Province.  The research result showed that the credit was needed as an additional capital for the fishery sustainability.  With such credit, the productivity of the fisheries increased as shown by sufficiently high incremental benefit which the fishermen achieved.  The credit also affected the fisherman household in making decision related to such economic behaviors as productivity activities, working time, income and expenditure.  Thus these behaviors were analyzed using an econometric approach with a simultaneous equation.

     

    Key words: tradisional fisheries, household economics behavior, credit, policy of developing fishery catch


    Abstract  PDF