Sekolah Pascasarjana IPB,
Gedung Rektorat Lantai I Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680
Telp. 0251-629060, 622642 ext. 161 Fax. 0251-622986
e-mail: forum_pascasarjana@bima.ipb.ac.id
Although tuna fisheries have significant role on Indonesian fisheries, concept for integrated tuna fisheries development in South Java Waters have not been implemented yet. This study was aimed to design model for tuna fisheries development in South Java Waters. Because of fisheries is a complex system, therefore the system approach was applied in this study. The system design, named SIMPENA model, consist of three submodels, there are (1) fisheries business (USAHA), (2) fishing port requirement: functionality and accessibility (PELABUHAN), and (3) policy and institution (LEMBAGA). The result of this study indicated that the tuna business is a very high risk business. Government policies which contribute a little support to the business cause a big impact for the business continuity. There is only a few number of fishing port that could support the tuna business in this region, namely PPS Cilacap and PPN Palabuhanratu. The development strategic analysis by using interpretative structural modeling technique resulted seven elements which playing an important role for succeeded the system.
South Kalimantan is a province with large dryland area. This potency can be used for maize cultivation that will contribute to national maize production and play an important role as import substitution. One of the major problems in maize cultivation is its low productivity that might be caused by its low efficiency of input use. The objectives of this research are (1) to estimate factors influencing maize production and to analyze dryland farming efficiency, both in technical and allocative efficiency of dryland farming, and (2) to analyze dryland maize farming competitiveness in Kabupaten Tanah Laut, South Kalimantan, and the efficiency effect to its competitiveness. The methods used are the stochastic frontier production function and the dual frontier cost function for the first objective, and criterion of private cost ratio and domestic resources cost ratio for the second objective. The results showed that land, seed, organic fertilizer, P-fertilizer, pesticide, labor and land treatment significantly influence production. Generally, the farmers at research area have been technically efficient but allocatively inefficient. In order to increase economic efficiency, reduction in N-fertilizer is suggested. The maize commodity in Kabupaten Tanah Laut is profitable and has competitive and comparative advantages. The increasing of allocative efficiency will increase the competitiveness.
Since the 1970s, energy has been a significant product of forest-related biomass. The use of wood to provide industrial heat and electricity has become important to the economic viability of the forest product and other industry. Growing normally at marginal soil of mining area, Leuchaena leucocephala, Samanea saman, Sesbandia grandiflora, Glirisidia maculate, Pterocarpus indica, Enterolobium cylocarpum, Hibiscus tiliaceus, and Gmelina arborea woods were analysed to investigate heat value and economic feasibility of their usage as coal substitution in cement production. Examination on those woods species showed that mean of heat value in air dry condition was about 4.000 kcal/kg. As BC ratio is 2,07, then the mining plantation enterprise to provide fuel wood is feasible economically.
Key words: wood, heat value, feasibility
Migration is a natural process to distribute labor surplus in origin regions to destination regions having a high level of labor demand, but in recent years migration causes labor surplus and unemployment in the destination region. The objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of migration on labor market behavior and to evaluate the impact of internal migration policy on labor market behavior in Indonesia. To reach this objective, a simultaneous equation model containing 15 structural equations and 5 identities equations are constructed. The analysis use time series 1985-2006 data. Model was estimated by 2SLS method and simulation was used the Newton method. The results of this research indicated that migration influence labor supply in Jawa, Kalimantan and other island. Factors that influence labor demand in Java are amount of industry and government development expenditure, but in Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and other island influenced by total investment, government development expenditure and lag labor demand. The impact of internal migration policy on labor market by way of increasing minimum wage can not solve labor market problem because the policy cause increase unemployment in each island. The impact of increasing minimum wage and government development expenditure can solve labor market problem through decreasing unemployment, although average wage in each island is increasing. The policy can also solve distribution of population by way of decreasing migration to Jawa.
Key words: internal migration, labor market
The paper describes about rainfall zoning and rainfall prediction modeling and its use for rice availability and vulnerability analysis. The study used rainfall data from Station Baros (Banten region), Station Karawang and Station Kasomalang Subang (Northern Coastal of West-Java), and Station Tarogong (Garut). Fuzzy clustering methods, that was applied for rainfall zoning, used the representative data for El-Nino, La-Nina and normal means condition during 1980-2006 periods. Neural network analysis technique was applied for rainfall prediction modeling. Training set of the model based on the rainfall data of 1990-2002 periods, and validation model based on data of 2003-2006 periods. The model were used to predict the rainfall of 2007-2008 periods. The distibution of equivalence value between rainfall stations was very variative under El-Nino, La-Nina and Normal condition. On the certain of equivalence level it could be derivated some different rainfall zone under El-Nino, La-Nina and normal condition. Model training set could explain 88% of Baros rainfall variability, 89% of Karawang rainfall variability, and 72% of Kasomalang rainfall variability. At Baros, Karawang and Subang, rainfall was predicted to be increased on November 2007-February 2008 period, and to be decreased on the March-June 2008, and to be increased on July-November 2008. The rainfall decreasing on the March-June would carry a losses of rice production up to 25%. But, applying the well irrigation management and suitable growing periods could decrease and mitigate the decreasing of paddy production.
Silica, a polimerized silicon dioxide, is widely used as raw materials for food industries, such as food packaging, filter agent, biomarkers and biosensor for various analysis. In biological sistem such as sponge, the formation of silica structure was directed by protein known as silicatein. The aims of this research were to extract silicatein-like protein isolated from sponge live surrounding the Nias and Lombok seacost Indonesia and to study their activity to polymerize tetraethoxyorthosilicate (TEOS) in-vitro. Protein in silica spicule was isolated by collecting silica spicule, soaked in HF/NH4F buffer (pH5.0) for dissolving silica and releasing this protein. The protein was analysed by electrophoresis SDS-PAGE to estimate the molecular weight and the concentration was analyzed by Bradford method. The highest yield of silica spicula was 58.5% of dry weight sponge that was isolated from sponge MT37. By SDS-PAGE, the molecular weight of protein from N6 showed three bands of 32, 27, 23 kDa, while MT5 protein was 15.5 kDa, and MT37 protein was 18 kDa. The highest polymerization activity was 144 µmol/ml TEOS occurs at 12 hours, showed by protein isolated from sponge MT37 of Lombok Marine.