M Mutu Fisikokimia Beras Hasil Persilangan antara Padi Budi Daya dan Padi Liar
Abstract
Evaluasi mutu fisikokimia beras dilakukan untuk memastikan bahwa beras layak dikonsumsi dan memenuhi standar kualitas yang ditetapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisikokimia beras galur padi hasil persilangan antara padi budi daya dan padi liar sehingga diperoleh genotipe yang sesuai untuk pengembangan beras berkualitas. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan November 2019 sampai Maret 2020 di Laboratorium Mutu, Kebun Percobaan Muara, Balai Besar Penelitian Padi, Bogor. Genotipe padi yang digunakan adalah 22 galur hasil persilangan antara padi budi daya dan padi liar, empat varietas pembanding tetua persilangan (Ciherang, Inpari 13, Inpari 10, dan Situ Bagendit), dan dua varietas pembanding uji organoleptik (Memberamo dan IR42). Pengamatan mutu fisik dan kimia dilakukan terhadap kadar air gabah, densitas gabah, rendemen beras pecah kulit, rendemen beras giling, rendemen beras kepala, panjang beras, bentuk beras, dan pengapuran beras, kadar amilosa, suhu gelatinisasi, dan organoleptik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur 44-F-C21, 58-F-C21, dan 59-F-C21 memiliki mutu beras yang cukup baik dengan rendemen beras kepala di atas 80% dan lebih tinggi dibandingkan masing-masing tetuanya (Situ Bagendit dan Ciherang), serta kadar air di bawah 14%. Galur-galur ini termasuk ke dalam grup IV dengan karakter penciri pada kelompok ini yaitu bentuk beras sedang, kadar amilosa 26,38%, dan skor alkali 2-3. Sebagian besar genotipe pada kelompok ini memiliki suhu gelatinisasi tinggi, tekstur nasi sedang, dan rasa nasi gurih. Genotipe terpilih dari hasil persilangan antara padi budi daya dan padi liar memilki potensi untuk dikembangkan karena adanya perbaikan genetik dari tetuanya pada beberapa karakter fisikokimia beras.
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