Hasil Padi dan Kelimpahan Gulma dengan Aplikasi Jenis Pupuk Berbeda di Lahan Kering Tadah Hujan pada Musim Kemarau

  • Yugi Rahayu Ahadiyat Laboatorium Agroekologi, Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Jl. Dr. Soeparno Karangwangkal Purrwokerto 53123
  • Sisno Sisno Laboatorium Ilmu Tanah, Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Jl. Dr. Soeparno Karangwangkal Purrwokerto 53123

Abstract

Rice yield and proper weed control need to be increased through an environmentally friendly agricultural system approach in rainfed land during the dry season by reducing the dosage of synthetic fertilizers. This study aims to determine the effect of different fertilizer applications on rice yield and weed abundance in rainfed land during the dry season. The study used a split-plot design, with the main plot of rice variety, i.e., Situ Bagendit and IR-64, and subplots of fertilizer, namely synthetic fertilizers (N, P, K), organic fertilizers + P60 + ½ dose of synthetic fertilizers, organic fertilizers + PGPR + ½ dose of synthetic fertilizer and organic fertilizer + P60 + PGPR + ½ dose of synthetic fertilizer with three replications. The variables observed were rice yield components, namely panicle length, total empty grain and content per panicle, grain weights per hill, effective plot and hectare, 1000 grain weight, harvest index, and weeds summed dominance ratio (SDR). The synthetic fertilizers and three various organic fertilizers, biological fertilizers, and synthetic fertilizers gave different results on the SDR of weeds. The weeds of Sphenoclea zeynalica and Cyperus difformis showed consistent dominance with higher SDR than other weeds, i.e.,> 15 and > 10, respectively. The application of organic and biological fertilizers with half the recommended dosage of the synthetic fertilizers is equivalent to applying the recommended dosage of synthetic fertilizers on rice yield during the dry season on the rainfed dryland with low rainfall intensity and a low yield of 1.3–1.7 t/ha.

Keywords: biological fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizers, rice, weeds

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahemad M, Kibret M. 2014. Mechanisms and applications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: Current perspective. Journal of King Saud University Science. 26(1): 120. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2013.05.001

Anhar A, Doni F, Advinda L. 2011. Respons pertumbuhan tanaman padi (oryza sativa L.) terhadap introduksi Pseudomonas fluoresen. Eksakta. 12(1): 111.

Antralina M, Yuwariah Y, Simarmata T. 2014. Komposisi gulma pada berbagai jarak tanam padi secara IPAT–BO dan konvensional. Jurnal Agro. 1(1): 1421. https://doi.org/10.15575/77

Aryanto A, Triadiati, Sugiyanta. 2015. Pertumbuhan dan produksi padi sawah dan gogo dengan pemberian pupuk hayati berbasis bakteri pemacu tumbuh di tanah masam. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia. 20(3): 229235. https://doi.org/ 10.18343/jipi.20.3.229

Chen XH, Hu F, Kong CH. 2008. Varietal improvement in rice allelopathy. Allelopathy Journal. 22(2): 379384.

Guimarães CM, de Castro AP, Stone LF, de Oliveira JP. 2016. Drought tolerance in upland rice: identification of genotypes and agronomic characteristics. Acta Scientiarum. 38(2): 201206. https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v38i2.27164

Gusmiatun, Marlina N. 2018. Peran pupuk organik dalam mengurangi pupuk sintetik pada budidaya padi gogo. Agrikan. 11(2): 9199. https:// doi.org/10.29239/j.agrikan.11.2.91-98

Hanum C. 2013. Pertumbuhan, hasil, dan mutu biji kedelai dengan pemberian pupuk organik dan fosfor. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia. 41(3): 209214.

Harjoso T, Nurchasanah S, Ahadiyat YR. 2011. Karakter morfologi padi pada pertanaman dengan pendekatan SRI (System of Rice Intensification). Jurnal Agrin. 15(2): 153163.

Hutapea C, Syofian M, Sudirman A. 2015. Pengaruh berbagai jenis pupuk organik terhadap spesies gulma invasif. Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan. 3(1): 2133.

Kafrawi, Kumalawati Z, Muliani S. 2015. Skrining isolat Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteri (PGPR) dari pertanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum) di Gorontalo, In: Prosiding Seminar Nasional Mikrobiologi Kesehatan dan Lingkungan. Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, UIN Alauddin Makassar, Makassar, 29 Januari 2015. Makassar (ID).

Khakipour N, Khavazi K, Mojallali H, Pazira E, Asadirahmani H. 2008. Production of auxin hormone by Pseudomonads fluorescent. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. 4(6): 687692.

Khanh TD, Xuan TD, Chung IM. 2007. Rice allelopathy and the possibility for weed management. Annals Applied Biology. 151(3): 325339. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2007.00183.x

Krisnandika AAK, Widajati E, Nawangsih AA. 2017. Pemanfaatan bakteri Pseudomonas Flourescens Rh4003 dan asam askorbat untuk mempertahankan viabilitas benih padi hibrida. Buletin Agrohorti. 5(2): 205212. https:// doi.org/10.29244/agrob.v5i2.16800

Ma Y, Zhang M, Li Y, Shui J, Zhou Y. 2014. Allelopathy of rice (Oryza sativa L.) root exudates and its relations with Orobanche Cumana Wallr. And Orobanche minor Sm. germination. Journal of Plant Interactions. 9(1): 722730. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/17429145.2014.912358

Madauna IS. 2009. Kajian pupuk organik cair lengkap dosis rendah pada sistem budidaya tanpa olah tanah terhadap pertumbuhan gulma dan hasil jagung. Jurnal Agroland. 16(1): 2432.

Marom N, Rizal F, Bintoro M. 2017. Uji efektivitas saat pemberian dan konsentrasi PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) terhadap produksi dan mutu benih kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.). Agriprima. 1(2): 174184. https://doi.org/ 10.25047/agriprima.v1i2.43

Nafiah VI, Suryanto A. 2018. Study of PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) at different level of nitrogen application upland rice (Oryza sativa L.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman. 6(7): 15881596.

Nasib SB, Suketi K., Widodo WD. 2016. Pengaruh Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria terhadap bibit dan pertumbuhan awal pepaya. Buletin Agrohorti. 4(1): 6369. https://doi.org/ 10.29244/agrob.v4i1.15002

Nasrun, Nurmansah. 2016. Keefektifan Formula Pseudomonas fluorescens untuk mengendalikan penyakit layu bakteri dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman nilam. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia. 12(2): 4652. https:/ /doi.org/10.14692/jfi.12.2.46

Navitasari L, Soesanto L, Ahadiyat YR. 2013. Pengaruh aplikasi Pseudomonas fluorescens P60 terhadap mutu patologis, mutu fisiologis, dan pertumbuhan bibit padi IR 64. Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika. 13(2): 179190. https://doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.213179-190

Rahnavard A, Ashrafi ZY, Alizade HM, Sadeghi S. 2009. Studies on the effect of fertilizer application and crop rotation on the weed infested fields in Iran. Journal of Agricultural Technology. 5(1): 4150.

Rakian TC, Karimuna L, Taufik M, Sutariati GAK, Muhidin, Fermin U. 2018. The effectiveness of various Rhizobacteria carriers to improve the shelf life and the stability of Rhizobacteria as Bioherbicide. IOP Conference Series Earth Environmental Science. 122, 012032. https:// doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/122/1/012032

Seal A, Pratley JE. 2010. The specificity of allelopathy in rice (Oryza sativa). Weed Research. 50: 303311. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180. 2010.00783.x

Sennang NR, Syam’un E, Dachlan A. 2012. Pertumbuhan dan produksi padi yang diaplikasi pupuk organik dan pupuk hayati. Jurnal Agrovigor. 11(2): 61170.

Setiawati MR, Sofyan ET, Mutaqin Z. 2016. Pengaruh pupuk hayati padat terhadap serapan n dan p tanaman, komponen hasil dan hasil padi sawah (Oryza sativa L.). Jurnal Agroekoteknologi. 8(2): 120130.

Soil Survey Staff. 2014. Keys to soil taxonomy. 12th eds. Natural Resources Concervation Service. United State Department of Agriculture. Washington. USA.

Sulistyoningtyas ME, Roviq M, Wardiyati T. 2017. Pengaruh pemberian PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) pada pertumbuhan bud chip tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman. 5(3): 396403.

Supartha INY, Wijana G, Adnyana GM. 2012. Aplikasi jenis pupuk organik pada tanaman padi sistem pertanian organik. E-Jurnal Agroteknologi Tropika. 1(2): 98106.

Supriyo A, Minarsih S, Prayudi B. 2014. Efektifitas pemberian pupuk hayati terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil padi gogo pada tanah kering. Agritech. 16(1): 112.

Suryadiyansyah. 2017. Peran bioseed treatment dan pupuk hayati terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman padi serta dinamika investasi gulma pada tanaman padi sawah. [Skripsi]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Tang L, Wan K, Cheng C, Li R, Wang D, Pan J, Tao Y, Xie J, Chen F. 2014. Effect of fertilization patterns on the assemblage of weed communities in an upland winter wheat field. Journal of Plant Ecology. 7(1): 3950. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtt018

Taufik, M. 2010. Pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman cabai yang diaplikasi plant growth promoting rhizobakteria. Jurnal Agrivigor. 10(1): 99107.

Touré A, Sogbedji JM, Gumedzoé YMD. 2013. The critical period of weed interference in upland rice in northern Guinea savanna: Field measurement and model prediction. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 8(17): 17481759. https:// doi.org/10.5897/AJAR12.1688

Triyono A, Purwanto, Budiyono. 2013. Efisiensi penggunaan pupuk–N untuk pengurangan kehilangan nitrat pada lahan pertanian. In: Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan. Universitas Dipenogoro, Semarang, 27 Agustus 2013. Semarang (ID).

Utami AP, Agustiyani D, Handayanto E. 2018. Pengaruh PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria), kapur, dan kompos pada tanaman kedelai di ultisol Cibinong, Bogor. Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan. 5(1): 629635.

Utami S, Purdyaningrum LR. 2012. Struktur komunitas gulma padi (Oryza sativa L.) sawah organik dan sawah sintetik di Desa Ketapang, Kec. Susukan, Kab. Semarang. Bioma. 14(2): 9195. https:// doi.org/10.14710/bioma.14.2.91-95

Published
2021-04-28
How to Cite
AhadiyatY. R., & SisnoS. (2021). Hasil Padi dan Kelimpahan Gulma dengan Aplikasi Jenis Pupuk Berbeda di Lahan Kering Tadah Hujan pada Musim Kemarau. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 26(2), 259-266. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.26.2.259