Bacillus endophyticus: Symbiotic Bacterium in Subterranean Termites Intestine (Blattodea: Termitoidae) from Bogor, Indonesia
Abstract
Rayap merupakan serangga sosial yang berperan penting dalam perputaran siklus nutrisi. Di dalam sistem pencernaan rayap, terdapat simbion yang membantu proses degradasi selulosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi bakteri simbion yang terdapat di dalam saluran cerna rayap tanah. Penelitian diawali dengan koleksi rayap tanah di Kampus IPB University, diikuti isolasi bakteri simbion dari saluran cerna belakang (proktodeum) yang kemudian diidentifikasi berdasarkan morfologi, fisiologi, dan molekuler menggunakan gen 16S rRNA. Enam rayap tanah yang diperoleh adalah Macrotermes gilvus, Odontotermes javanicus, Microtermes insperatus, dan Capritermes mohri (Famili Termitidae); Schedorhinotermes javanicus dan Coptotermes curvignathus (Famili Rhinotermitidae). Dari enam rayap diperoleh 43 isolat dan satu isolat yang memiliki karakter umum. Isolat bakteri kode 8A_27F berwarna putih, elevasi seperti tombol dengan tepian licin. Dari uji fisiologis, isolat ini termasuk ke dalam bakteri Gram positif, berspora, dan bersifat aerob. Identifikasi dengan gen 16S rRNA menunjukkan bahwa isolat bakteri tersebut memiliki tingkat kemiripan sebesar 98% dengan spesies Bacillus endophyticus.
Kata kunci: bakteri, rayap, 16S rRNA, simbion, proktodeum
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