Performance and Intestinal Profiles of Tegal Duck Fed Ration Supplemented with Prebiotics
Abstract
This research was aimed to determine the effects of prebiotics on performance and gastrointestinal profiles of Tegal ducks. One hundred two-month-old male Tegal ducks were distributed into 5 treatment groups; R0= control; R1= FOS; R2= MOS; R3= Inulin; and R4= natural prebiotic (water hyacinth/Eichhornia crassipes). The prebiotics were given at 0.2% of the total feed (w/w). The observed variables were performances and gastrointestinal profiles. This study used a completely randomized design and continued with honestly significant difference test. Performance (live weight, body weight gain, and feed intake) and intestinal profile (percentage weights of intestine, gizzard, crop, and pancreas) of ducks were not significantly affected by prebiotic supplementation in feed. FOS prebiotic and natural prebiotic from water hyacinth showed increased (P<0.05) the percentage of carcass and cecum weight compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, the use of different prebiotics resulted in relatively similar performances and digestive tract profiles except the percentage of carcass and cecum weight that increased by 4.5% and 36.67%, respectively, with the supplementation of either FOS or water hyacinth.
References
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AOAC. 2006. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 18th ed. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., Arlington.
Baurhoo, B., A. Letellier, X. Zhaoand, & C. A. Ruiz-Feria. 2007. Cecal populations of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria and Escherichia coli populations after in vivo Escherichia coli challenge in birds fed diets with purified lignin or mannanoligosaccharides. Poultry Sci. 86: 2509–2516. https://doi.org/10.3382/ ps.2007-00136
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El-Sayed, El., Y. Mona, & U. E. Mahrous. 2013. Influence of overfeeding on productive performance traits, foie gras production, blood parameters, internal organs, carcass traits, and mortality rate in two breeds of ducks. International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science. 7:220-226.
Faishal, I. J., I.H. Djunaidi, & E. Sudjarwo. 2013. Effect of addition mangosteen peel powder (garcinia mangostana.l) to feed on carcass and internal organs mojosari drake. Jurnal Brawijaya 5: 1-10.
Fernandez , F., M. Hinton, & B. Van Gils. 2010. Dietary mannan-oligosaccharides and their effect on chicken caecal microflora in relation to Salmonella enteritidis colonization. Avian Pathol. 31:49-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 03079450120106000
Gong, J., W. Si. R.J. Forster, R.Huang, H. Yu, Y. Yin, C. Yang, & Y. Han. 2007. 16S rRNA genebased analysis of mucosa-associated bacterial community and phylogeny in the chicken gastrointestinal tracts: from crops to ceca. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 59:147-157. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00193.x
Hossain. M.E., H. Sikder, Md. H. Kabir, & S.M. Sarma. 2015. Nutritive Value Of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Journal of Animal and Feed Research. 5:40-44.
Jianbo, LU, Zhihui, FU, & Zhaozheng, Y. 2007. Performance of a water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) system in the treatment of wastewater from a duck farm and the effects of using water hyacinth as duck feed. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 20: 513-519
Józefiak, D., S. Kaczmarek, & A. Rutkowski. 2008. A note on the effects of selected prebiotics on the performance and ileal microbiota of broiler chickens. J. Anim. Feed Sci.17: 392–397. https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/66633/2008
Ketaren, P.P. 2007. Peran itik sebagai penghasil telur dan daging nasional. Wartazoa 17: 117-127.
Kompiang, I. P., S. Supriyati, & O. Sjofjan. 2007. Pengaruh suplementasi ragi laut terhadap penampilan ayam petelur. Jurnal Ternak Tropika 6:36-44.
MacFarlane, G.T., H. Steed, & S. Macfarlane. 2008. Bacterial metabolism and health related effects of galacto-oligosaccharides and other prebiotics. J. Appl. Microbiol. 104: 305–344.
Mangisah, I., B. Sukamto, & M. H. Nasution. 2009. Implementation of fermented eceng gondok in duck ration. J. Indon. Trop. Anim. Agric. 34: 127-133.
NRC. 1994. Nutrien Requirement of Poultry. The 9th Ed. National Academic Press. USA
Nena, K. A., Ismoyowati, & S. Mugiono. 2013. Perbedaan bobot dan persentase bagian-bagian karkas dan non karkas pada itik lokal (Anas plathyrincos) dan Itik Manila (Cairina moschata). Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan 1: 1086-1094.
Pourabedin, M. & X. Zhao. 2015. Prebiotics and gut microbiota in chickens. FEMS Microbiology Letters 362:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnv122
Pratama I., Fatmawaty, & D. Sulistiawati. 2012. Penampilan dan produksi karkas itik lokal jantan (Anas platyrhynchos) yang diberi pakan mengandung tepung limbah rumput laut (Eucheuma cottonii) fermentasi. J. Agrisains 13: 173-183.
Pruszynska-Oszmalek, E., Kolodziejski, P. A., Stadnicka, K., Sassek, M., Chalupka, D., Kuston, B., & Bednarczyk, M. 2015. In ovo injection of prebiotics and synbiotics affects the digestive potency of the pancreas in growing chickens. Poult. Sci. 94: 1909-1916. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev162
Purba, M, & L.H. Prasetyo. 2010. Respon Pertumbuhan dan produksi karkas itik pedaging EPMp terhadap perbedaan kandungan serat kasar dan protein dalam pakan. JITV 19: 220-230
Rehman H., C. Rosenkranz, J. Böhm, & J. Zentek. 2007. Dietary inulin affects the morphology but not the sodium dependent glucose and glutamine transport in the jejunum of broilers. Poult. Sci. 86:118–122. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/86.1.118
Roberfroid, M.B. 2010. Prebiotics and probiotics: are they functional foods. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71 (suppl):1682S–7S.
Rohmah, N., E. Tugiyanti, & Roesdiyanto. 2016. Pengaruh tepung daun sirsak (Announa muricata L.) dalam ransum terhadap bobot usus, pankreas dan gizzard itik tegal jantan. (The effect of dried soursop leaf meal (Annona Muricata L.) in rations on weight of intenstine, pancreatis and gizzard of male Tegal Duck). Agripet 16: 140-146. https://doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v16i2.5957
Ruttanavut, J., K. Yamauchi, H. Goto, & T.Erikawa. 2009. Effects of dietary bamboo charcoal powder including vinegar liquid on growth performance and histological intestinal change in Aigamo ducks. International Journal of Poultry Science 8:229-236. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2009.229.236
Sacranie, A., B. Svihus, V. Denstadli, B. Moen, P. A. Iji, & M. Choct. 2012. The effect of insoluble fiber and intermittent feeding on gizzard development, gut motility, and performance of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 91 :693–700. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2011-01790
Sandi, S., R. Palupi, & Amnesti. 2012. Pengaruh penambahan ampas tahu dan dedak fermentasi terhadap karkas, usus dan lemak abdomen ayam broiler. Agrinak 2:1-5.
Steel, R.G.D. & J.H. Torrie. 1994. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. Mc Graw-Hill Book Co. Inc. Pub. Ltd. London.
Sekhon B.S., & Jairath S. 2010. Prebiotics, probiotics & synbiotics: an overview. J Pharm. Educ. Res. 1: 13-36.
Sugito, W. Manalu, D. A. Astuti, E. Handharyani, & Chairul. 2007. Morfometrik usus dan performa ayam broiler yang diberi cekaman panas dan ekstrak n-heksana kulit batang “Jaloh” (Salix tetrasperma Roxb). Med. Pet. 30:198-206
Sutrisna, R. 2012. Pengaruh beberapa tingkat serat kasar dalam ransum terhadap pekembangan organ dalam itik jantan (Effect of levels crude fiber in feed for developments visceral organs in male duck). Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan 12: 1-5.
Svihus, B. 2011. The gizzard: Function, influence of diet structure, and effects on nutrient availability. World’s Poult. Sci. J. 67:207–223. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/S0043933911000249
Yulianti, D.L., P. Trisunuwati, O. Sjofjan. & E. Widodo. 2015. Effect of Andrographis paniculataa phytobiotic on consumption, feed conversion and Mojosari duck egg production. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 14: 529-532. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2015.529.532
Zainuddin, D. Masyitha, Y. Mulyana, & Fitriani. 2014. Struktur histologi tembolok (ingluvies) pada unggas (the histological structure of the crop (ingluvies) in poultry). Jurnal Medika Veterinaria 8: 47-50.
Vasaı, F., K.B. Ricaud, M.D. Bernadet2, L. Cauquil, O. Bouchez6, S. Combes & S. Davail. 2014. Overfeeding and genetics affect the composition of intestinal microbiota in Anas platyrhynchos (Pekin) and Cairina moschata (Muscovy) ducks. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 87 (2014): 204–216.
AOAC. 2006. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 18th ed. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., Arlington.
Baurhoo, B., A. Letellier, X. Zhaoand, & C. A. Ruiz-Feria. 2007. Cecal populations of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria and Escherichia coli populations after in vivo Escherichia coli challenge in birds fed diets with purified lignin or mannanoligosaccharides. Poultry Sci. 86: 2509–2516. https://doi.org/10.3382/ ps.2007-00136
Charalampopolus, D. A & R.A. Rastall. 2009. Prebiotics and Probiotics Science and Technology. Springer Verlag, New York, Vol.1: p. 516. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79058-9
El-Sayed, El., Y. Mona, & U. E. Mahrous. 2013. Influence of overfeeding on productive performance traits, foie gras production, blood parameters, internal organs, carcass traits, and mortality rate in two breeds of ducks. International Journal of Animal and Veterinary Science. 7:220-226.
Faishal, I. J., I.H. Djunaidi, & E. Sudjarwo. 2013. Effect of addition mangosteen peel powder (garcinia mangostana.l) to feed on carcass and internal organs mojosari drake. Jurnal Brawijaya 5: 1-10.
Fernandez , F., M. Hinton, & B. Van Gils. 2010. Dietary mannan-oligosaccharides and their effect on chicken caecal microflora in relation to Salmonella enteritidis colonization. Avian Pathol. 31:49-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 03079450120106000
Gong, J., W. Si. R.J. Forster, R.Huang, H. Yu, Y. Yin, C. Yang, & Y. Han. 2007. 16S rRNA genebased analysis of mucosa-associated bacterial community and phylogeny in the chicken gastrointestinal tracts: from crops to ceca. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 59:147-157. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00193.x
Hossain. M.E., H. Sikder, Md. H. Kabir, & S.M. Sarma. 2015. Nutritive Value Of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Journal of Animal and Feed Research. 5:40-44.
Jianbo, LU, Zhihui, FU, & Zhaozheng, Y. 2007. Performance of a water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) system in the treatment of wastewater from a duck farm and the effects of using water hyacinth as duck feed. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 20: 513-519
Józefiak, D., S. Kaczmarek, & A. Rutkowski. 2008. A note on the effects of selected prebiotics on the performance and ileal microbiota of broiler chickens. J. Anim. Feed Sci.17: 392–397. https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/66633/2008
Ketaren, P.P. 2007. Peran itik sebagai penghasil telur dan daging nasional. Wartazoa 17: 117-127.
Kompiang, I. P., S. Supriyati, & O. Sjofjan. 2007. Pengaruh suplementasi ragi laut terhadap penampilan ayam petelur. Jurnal Ternak Tropika 6:36-44.
MacFarlane, G.T., H. Steed, & S. Macfarlane. 2008. Bacterial metabolism and health related effects of galacto-oligosaccharides and other prebiotics. J. Appl. Microbiol. 104: 305–344.
Mangisah, I., B. Sukamto, & M. H. Nasution. 2009. Implementation of fermented eceng gondok in duck ration. J. Indon. Trop. Anim. Agric. 34: 127-133.
NRC. 1994. Nutrien Requirement of Poultry. The 9th Ed. National Academic Press. USA
Nena, K. A., Ismoyowati, & S. Mugiono. 2013. Perbedaan bobot dan persentase bagian-bagian karkas dan non karkas pada itik lokal (Anas plathyrincos) dan Itik Manila (Cairina moschata). Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan 1: 1086-1094.
Pourabedin, M. & X. Zhao. 2015. Prebiotics and gut microbiota in chickens. FEMS Microbiology Letters 362:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnv122
Pratama I., Fatmawaty, & D. Sulistiawati. 2012. Penampilan dan produksi karkas itik lokal jantan (Anas platyrhynchos) yang diberi pakan mengandung tepung limbah rumput laut (Eucheuma cottonii) fermentasi. J. Agrisains 13: 173-183.
Pruszynska-Oszmalek, E., Kolodziejski, P. A., Stadnicka, K., Sassek, M., Chalupka, D., Kuston, B., & Bednarczyk, M. 2015. In ovo injection of prebiotics and synbiotics affects the digestive potency of the pancreas in growing chickens. Poult. Sci. 94: 1909-1916. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev162
Purba, M, & L.H. Prasetyo. 2010. Respon Pertumbuhan dan produksi karkas itik pedaging EPMp terhadap perbedaan kandungan serat kasar dan protein dalam pakan. JITV 19: 220-230
Rehman H., C. Rosenkranz, J. Böhm, & J. Zentek. 2007. Dietary inulin affects the morphology but not the sodium dependent glucose and glutamine transport in the jejunum of broilers. Poult. Sci. 86:118–122. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/86.1.118
Roberfroid, M.B. 2010. Prebiotics and probiotics: are they functional foods. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71 (suppl):1682S–7S.
Rohmah, N., E. Tugiyanti, & Roesdiyanto. 2016. Pengaruh tepung daun sirsak (Announa muricata L.) dalam ransum terhadap bobot usus, pankreas dan gizzard itik tegal jantan. (The effect of dried soursop leaf meal (Annona Muricata L.) in rations on weight of intenstine, pancreatis and gizzard of male Tegal Duck). Agripet 16: 140-146. https://doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v16i2.5957
Ruttanavut, J., K. Yamauchi, H. Goto, & T.Erikawa. 2009. Effects of dietary bamboo charcoal powder including vinegar liquid on growth performance and histological intestinal change in Aigamo ducks. International Journal of Poultry Science 8:229-236. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2009.229.236
Sacranie, A., B. Svihus, V. Denstadli, B. Moen, P. A. Iji, & M. Choct. 2012. The effect of insoluble fiber and intermittent feeding on gizzard development, gut motility, and performance of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 91 :693–700. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2011-01790
Sandi, S., R. Palupi, & Amnesti. 2012. Pengaruh penambahan ampas tahu dan dedak fermentasi terhadap karkas, usus dan lemak abdomen ayam broiler. Agrinak 2:1-5.
Steel, R.G.D. & J.H. Torrie. 1994. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. Mc Graw-Hill Book Co. Inc. Pub. Ltd. London.
Sekhon B.S., & Jairath S. 2010. Prebiotics, probiotics & synbiotics: an overview. J Pharm. Educ. Res. 1: 13-36.
Sugito, W. Manalu, D. A. Astuti, E. Handharyani, & Chairul. 2007. Morfometrik usus dan performa ayam broiler yang diberi cekaman panas dan ekstrak n-heksana kulit batang “Jaloh” (Salix tetrasperma Roxb). Med. Pet. 30:198-206
Sutrisna, R. 2012. Pengaruh beberapa tingkat serat kasar dalam ransum terhadap pekembangan organ dalam itik jantan (Effect of levels crude fiber in feed for developments visceral organs in male duck). Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan 12: 1-5.
Svihus, B. 2011. The gizzard: Function, influence of diet structure, and effects on nutrient availability. World’s Poult. Sci. J. 67:207–223. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/S0043933911000249
Yulianti, D.L., P. Trisunuwati, O. Sjofjan. & E. Widodo. 2015. Effect of Andrographis paniculataa phytobiotic on consumption, feed conversion and Mojosari duck egg production. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 14: 529-532. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2015.529.532
Zainuddin, D. Masyitha, Y. Mulyana, & Fitriani. 2014. Struktur histologi tembolok (ingluvies) pada unggas (the histological structure of the crop (ingluvies) in poultry). Jurnal Medika Veterinaria 8: 47-50.
Vasaı, F., K.B. Ricaud, M.D. Bernadet2, L. Cauquil, O. Bouchez6, S. Combes & S. Davail. 2014. Overfeeding and genetics affect the composition of intestinal microbiota in Anas platyrhynchos (Pekin) and Cairina moschata (Muscovy) ducks. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 87 (2014): 204–216.
Authors
IriyantiN., HartoyoB., & SuhermiyatiS. (2018). Performance and Intestinal Profiles of Tegal Duck Fed Ration Supplemented with Prebiotics. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 41(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2018.41.1.15
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