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Abstract
Abstract
The need for energy continues to increase along with the increase of population in Indonesia. This is in contrast with the fact that the main oil energy source is reducing day by. To overcome this problem renewable
energy sources such as biogas becomes very important. Methane content in the biogas ranged between 60-65 %, where the value is large enough to be used as an energy source replacement of gasoline. The purpose of this study is to design a converter that is capable to perform biogas and air mixing for optimum use of biogas in gasoline engine. The main parts of biogas converter are the venturi, choke valves , throttle valves, as well as the coupler to the engine. Testing was done by applying converter on a gasoline engine with biogas fuel. Engine performance was tested using a dynamometer and the results are compared with the performance of the motor using gasoline fuel. Test results show that the optimal power is achieved at 0979 kW at 3146 rpm and a torque of 4.3 Nm, while the motor power with gasoline kW and a torque of 1.86 Nm at 6:21.
Keywords: renewable energy, biogas, converter, gasoline engine, agricultural machinery
Abstrak
Kebutuhan energi terus meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah penduduk di Indonesia. Hal ini berkebalikan dengan kenyataan bahwa sumber energi utama kita sehari - hari, yaitu minyak bumi terus menipis. Untuk mengatasi kelangkaan ini diperlukan adanya sumber energi baru dan terbarukan, salah satunya biogas. Kandungan metana dalam biogas berkisar antara 60 - 65 %, dimana nilai ini cukup besaruntuk dijadikan sebagai sumber energi pengganti bahan bakar bensin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang sebuah konverter yang mampu mencampur biogas dan udara dengan campuran yang tepatdan agar motor bensin mampu beroperasi dengan bahan bakar biogas secara optimal. Konverter yang dirancang memiliki bagian - bagian utama yaitu venturi, selongsong venturi, katup choke, katup throttle, serta dudukan. Pengujian konverter dilakukan dengan cara memasangkan konverter pada motor bensin 4 tak dan menjalankan motor dengan bahan bakar biogas. Selanjutnya motor diuji kinerjanya menggunakandinamometer dan hasilnya dibandingkan dengan kinerja motor menggunakan bahan bakar bensin. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan daya optimal yang dicapai sebesar 0.98 kW pada 3146 rpm dan torsi sebesar 4.31 Nm, sementara daya motor dengan bahan bakar bensin sebesar 1.86 kW dan torsi sebesar 6.21 Nm.Kata kunci: energi terbarukan, biogas, konverter, motor bensin, alat mesin pertanian
Diterima: 01 Oktober 2013; Disetujui: 07 Januari 2014
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