Nilai sun protection factor anggur laut segar dengan metode dan jenis pelarut ekstraksi yang berbeda SPF Value of Fresh Sea Grape Extract from Different Solvent and Method of Extraction

Ayun Erwina Arifianti, Rizky Clarinta Putri, Salsabiela Haz Ekaputri, Wanda Nisrina Aqilah, Effionora Anwar

Abstract

Kanker kulit melanoma merupakan satu dari sembilan belas kanker yang sering terjadi di seluruh dunia. Kebutuhan akan adanya alternatif zat aktif tabir surya menjadi sangat penting terutama dari bahan alam laut yaitu anggur laut (Caulerpa sp.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai SPF ekstrak cair anggur laut segar dengan metode ekstraksi yang berbeda. Metode ekstraksi dilakukan dengan dua cara yaitu maserasi dan microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) masing-masing dengan tiga jenis pelarut (etanol, air, dan etanol-air 1:1). Ekstrak cair yang dihasilkan diukur pH dan ditentukan nilai SPF secara invitro menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Ekstrak cair anggur laut segar dengan nilai SPF in vitro tertinggi kemudian dianalisis aktivitas antioksidannya menggunakan metode DPPH. Ekstrak cair yang dihasilkan berbau amis, dan berwarna hijau dengan intensitas warna yang berbeda. Interaksi antara perlakuan metode ekstraksi dan jenis pelarut menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan terhadap nilai pH ekstrak cair anggur laut segar. Nilai SPF dari ekstrak maserasi etanol, air, dan etanol-air berturut-turut 0,583; 3,099; 2,911 sedangkan ekstrak
MAE 3,807; 5,555; 4,979. Metode MAE menunjukkan nilai SPF in vitro yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan daripada maserasi tanpa melihat perbedaan pelarut.Hasil persentase penghambatan DPPH dari ekstrak MAE dengan pelarut etanol, air, dan etanol-air pada konsentrasi 106 mg/mL berturut-turut 33,85%; 22,99%; 17,44%. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol dengan metode ekstraksi MAE lebih tinggi daripada ekstrak dengan pelarut lainnya namun tidak lebih  tinggi dibandingkan dengan asam askorbat sebagai pembanding.

References

Ansel HC. 2005. Pengantar Bentuk Sediaan Farmasi. Edisi keempat. Jakarta (ID): UI Press.

Anwar E, Yulianti D, Putri KSS. 2018. Stability of microsphere of Sargassum plagyophyllum (Mertens) J. G. Agardh extract produced by spray drying using maltodextrin. International Journal of
Applied Pharmaceutics. 10: 376.

Donglikar MM, Deore SL. 2016. Sunscreens: A review. Pharmacognosy Journal 8(3): 171-179.


Dutra EA, Oliveira DAGC, KedorHackmann ERM, Santoro MIRM. 2004. Determination of sun protection factor (SPF) of sunscreens by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 40: 3.

[CDC] Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2019. Sun Protection. www. cdc.gov.

Cikos AM, Jokic S, Subaric D, Jerkovic I. 2018. Overview on the application of modern methods for the extraction of bioactive compounds from marine macroalgae. Marine Drugs. 16: 348.

Ebrahimzadeh MA, Enayatifardb R, Khalilia M, Saeedi MGM, Charati Y. 2014. Correlation between sun protection factor and antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid contents of some medicinal plants. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 13(3): 10411047.

Ersalina EB, Abdillah AA, Sulmartiwi L. 2020. Potential of Caulerpa racemosa extracts as sunscreen creams. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 441: 012007.

Fajar A, Ibrahim R, Dewi EN. 2014. Stabilitas ekstrak kasar pigmen klorofil, beta karoten, dan caulerpin alga hijau (Caulerpa racemosa) pada suhu penyimpanan yang berbeda. Jurnal Pengolahan dan Bioteknologi Hasil Perikanan. 3(1): 1-10.

[FDA] Food and Drug Administration. 2019. FDA Advances new proposed regulation to make sure that sunscreens are safe and effective. www.fda.gov.

[FDA] Food and Drug Administration. 2019. Sunscreen : How to Help Protect Your Skin From the Sun. www.fda.gov.

Friedman M, Jurgens HS. 2000. Effect of pH on the Stability of Plant Phenolic Compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 48: 2101-2110.

[GCO] The Global Cancer Observatory. 2019. Indonesia Fact Sheet. www.gco.iarc.fr.

Green AC, Williams GM, Logan V, Strutton GM. 2011. Reduced melanoma after regular sunscreen use: randomized trial follow-up. Journal Clinic Oncology. 29(3): 257-263.

Hosikian A, Lim S, Halim R, Danquah MK. 2010. Chlorophyll extraction from microalgae: A review on the process engineering aspects. International Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2010: 1-11.

[IARC] International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2007. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Lyon (FR): IARC.

Lee J, Koo N, Min DB. 2004. Reactive oxygen species, aging, and antioxidative nutraceuticals. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety. 3:21-33.

Li Z, Wang B, Zhang Q, Qu Y, Xu H, Li G. 2012. Preparation and antioxidant property of extract and semipurified fractions of Caulerpa racemosa. Journal of Applied Phycology. 24: 1527-1536.

Mansur JS, Breder MN, Mansur MC, Azulay RD. 1986. Determination of Sun protection factor by spectrophotometry. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia. 61: 121–4.

Molyneux P. 2004. The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology. 26(2): 211–219.

[NIOSH] The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. 2010. NIOSH Fact Sheets: Protecting yourself from sun exposure.www.cdc.gov.

Nguyen VT, Ueng JP, Tsai GJ. 2011. Proximate Composition, Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Seagrape (Caulerpa lentillifera). Journal of Food Science. 76(7): C950–C958.

Nufus C, Nurjanah, Abdullah A. 2017. Karakteristik rumput laut hijau dari perairan Kepulauan Seribu dan Sekotong Nusa Tenggara Barat sebagai antioksidan. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia. 20(3): 620-632.

Nurjanah, Jacoeb AM, Asmara DA, Hidayat T. 2019. Phenolic compound of fresh and boiled sea grapes (Caulerpa sp.) from Tual, Maluku. Food ScienTech Journal. 1(1): 31-39.

Sayre RM, Agin PP, Levee GI, Marlowe E. 1979. Comparison of in vivo and in vitro testing of sunscreening formulas. Photochemistry and Photobiology. 559–566.

Susilowati A, Mulyawan AE, Putri TW. 2019. Antioxidant Activity of the Sea Grape (Caulerpa racemasa) Used As an Antioxidant Lotion. Oriental Journal Of Chemistry. 35(4): 1443-1447.

Tranggono RI, Latifah F. 2007. Buku Pegangan Ilmu Pengetahuan Kosmetik. Jakarta (ID): PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Wiraguna A, Pangkahila W, Astawa I. 2018. Antioxidant properties of topical Caulerpa sp. extract on UVB-induced photoaging in mice. Dermatology reports. 10(2): 7597.

[WCRF] World Cancer Research Fund. 2019. Global Cancer data by country: exploring which countries have the highest cancers rate. www.wcrf.org

[WHO] World Health Organization. 2019. Skin Cancers. www.who.int.

[WHO] World Health Organization. 2018. Cancer Prevention. www.who.int.

Zhang QW, Lin LG, Ye WC. 2018. Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: a comprehensive review. Chinese medicine. 13: 20.

Authors

Ayun Erwina Arifianti
ayun.arifianti@farmasi.ui.ac.id (Primary Contact)
Rizky Clarinta Putri
Salsabiela Haz Ekaputri
Wanda Nisrina Aqilah
Effionora Anwar
ArifiantiA. E., PutriR. C., EkaputriS. H., AqilahW. N., & AnwarE. (2020). Nilai sun protection factor anggur laut segar dengan metode dan jenis pelarut ekstraksi yang berbeda: SPF Value of Fresh Sea Grape Extract from Different Solvent and Method of Extraction. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 23(1), 31-37. https://doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v23i1.30692

Article Details