INTERNALISASI LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI KECIL MENENGAH (IKM) TAPIOKA MELALUI IPAL BIOGAS UNTUK PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK
Abstract
Industri tapioka merupakan industri yang berpotensi menimbulkan pencemaran karena limbah cair yang dihasilkan dari industri ini mengandung bahan organik yang tinggi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, perlu mengetahui dampak dari buangan limbah cair tapioka dan juga nilai kesediaan membayar (willingness to pay) industri kecil menengah (IKM) tapioka untuk mengelola limbahnya. Limbah cair tapioka memiliki prospek untuk dikembangkan menjadi biogas dan digunakan sebagai pembangkit listrik, agar usaha pemanfaatan limbah cair tapioka dapat berkelanjutan, perlu dilakukan analisis kelayakan finansial. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Sentul dan Desa Kadumangu Kecamatan Babakan Madang, serta Desa Nanggewer Kecamatan Cibinong Kabupaten Bogor. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan observasi lapang, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan study literature. Responden dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 100 pengrajin tapioka yang berada di Desa Kadumangu serta 40 kk di Desa Nanggewer dan 30 kk di Desa Sentul. Analisis kualitatif digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi dampak dari buangan limbah cair tapioka. Nilai willingness to pay (WTP) dilakukan melalui metode contingen valuation method sedangkan untuk mengetahui kelayakan pengusahaan biogas dilakukan uji net present value, internal rate return dan net benefit/cost. Hasil penelitian menunjukan nilai WTP IKM tapioka belum cukup untuk mendanai biaya investasi pembangunan biogas sebagai pembangkit listrik, namun secara finansial pengolahan limbah tapioka menjadi biogas layak untuk dijalankan, sehingga dibutuhkan peran pemerintah untuk penyediaan alat baik itu dalam bentuk hibah maupun dalam bentuk kredit lunak.
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