Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia

Potensi Trichoderma sp. Indigenus Gorontalo sebagai Dekomposer Limbah Tanaman Jagung

Rida Iswati — 2024-01-04

Using decomposers of fungi to increase the composting process is very necessary. The research aims to determine the potential of Trichoderma sp. Gorontalo local isolate as a decomposer of maize stover. The research was carried out from November 2022‒January 2023 at the Biological Agents Laboratory, Agricultural Plant Protection Center, Gorontalo Province Agricultural Department. This research determined the ability of six isolates of Trichoderma, namely TZ11DI1 (T. asperellum), TZ21BN2 (T. breviconvenctum), TZ21BT1 (T. virens), TZ12PO1 (T. ghanence), TZ21DU1 (T. reesei), TZ21LU1 (T. dorothopsis), and control (EM4) to produce cellulase and as a maize stover decomposer. The parameters observed were the clear zone in the isolate growing media as well as the physical and chemical characteristics of the compost produced. The results showed that Trichoderma isolates produced cellulase and potential as a decomposer for maize stover, as indicated by the ability to increase NPK nutrient levels and reduce the C/N ratio of maize stover compost.

Keywords: compost, decomposer, maize stover, Trichoderma

Pertumbuhan Ipomoea reptans Poir. dengan Aplikasi The Kompos Serat Bromelain Terinduksi Trichoderma sp. dan Aspergillus sp.

Masnoni Firda Safira — 2024-01-04

Bromelain fiber is the product of extracting the enzyme bromelain from pineapple hulls or peels. Bromelain fiber contains lignocellulose, which, when fully decomposed, is very beneficial for the environment, but it is quite challenging to degrade naturally. Hence, it requires a decomposer agent. The decomposer agents used in this study were cellulolytic fungi Aspergillus sp. (Bioggp 3) and ligninolytic Trichoderma sp. (Bioggp 2). This study aims to determine the effect of compost tea (CT) bromelain fiber induced by these fungi and obtain the best dose of the CT on the growth of land kale (Ipomoea reptans Poir.). This research was conducted in April–July 2022 at the Microbiology Laboratory of FMIPA Unila. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 7 treatments and 4 replications, namely P0 (control), P1 (ACT 25%), P2 (NACT 25%), P3 (ACT 50%), P4 (NACT 50%), P5 (ACT 75%), P5 (NACT 75%). The parameters measured were plant height and number of leaves. The data were analyzed using ANOVA α = 5% followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test with a 5% confidence interval. This study showed that the results with the highest height value and number of leaves were found in P3 (ACT 50%) while the lowest was in P0 (water control). It can be concluded that the ACT and NACT significantly affect the height and number of leaves, and the best dose was found in ACT 50% starting from day 10, 15 , 20, and 25 after planting.

Keywords: Aspergillus sp., bromelain fiber, compost tea, Ipomoea reptans Poir, Trichoderma sp.

Eksplorasi, Identifikasi, dan Karakterisasi Nematoda Entomopatogen Pada Lahan Jagung dan Padi

Iqbal Erdiansyah — 2024-01-08

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are potential nematodes as biological agents because they actively search for insect pests and are parasitic on their hosts. Two genera of EPN can be used as biological agents: Steinernema and Heterohabditis. It is necessary to explore local EPN on land suspected of having potential as a habitat for the nematodes. This study aimed to determine the genus and population of the EPN from corn and rice farms in Jember by identifying and characterizing them. The method used was the descriptive method. The EPN population was analyzed using the T-test. The results showed that the EPN from the corn and rice fields belonged to the Steinernema genus. EPN from the corn field isolate was characterized by a body length of 826,77 μm, body width of 47.14 μm, and tail length of 73.16 μm, while from the rice field, the isolate was characterized by a body length of 840.54 μm, body width of 37.70 μm, tail length 57.52 μm. EPN populations in maize and rice fields were not significantly different.

Keywords: exploration, entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema

Isolasi, Identifikasi, dan Produksi Miselia Rhizopus sp. Berkadar Asam Nukleat Rendah untuk Pengembangan Mikoprotein

Riza Firmansyah — 2024-01-08

Fungi, including Rhizopus sp., are food sources that commonly contain high nucleic acid levels. Therefore, the nucleic acid content must be reduced to achieve health standard requirements. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and produce Rhizopus sp. mycelium containing low nucleic acid. The Rhizopus spp. were isolated from tempeh collected from 12 different areas in Indonesia. Fungal identification was conducted based on morphological characteristics. The fungal isolates were selected based on mycelial growth and spore production on PDA. Biomass production of mycelium was carried out in potato extract and soybean extract media obtained from 200 g/L and 333.3 g/L, respectively. In each medium, 6 sugar levels were added, namely 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 g/L. Mycelium nucleic acid content reduction was achieved by heat treatment at 50°C and 60°C for 15 minutes and measured by a spectrophotometer at 260 nm. Fifty-eight isolates that were identified into 3 species were obtained in this experiment: R. oryzae, R. stolonifera, and R. microsporus. R. Microsporus had higher mycelium biomass and lower spore number than the other species. R. Microsporus produced a higher mycelium biomass in the soybean extract medium with 5 g/L additional sugar. The nucleic acid content of the 50°C heat-treated mycelium was 1.82% and 1.73% at 65°C. These values fulfilled the standard of mycelial nucleic acid content permitted in food by the USDA.

Keywords: morphology, Rhizopus microspores, spore, soybean extract, tempeh

Anatomi Tumbuhan Pakan Gajah Sumatra (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck) di Taman Nasional Way Kambas

Muhammad Syafi Cholidin — 2024-01-08

Forage plants are one of the main aspects in the conservation management of the Sumatran elephant. Anatomical studies of elephant food plants can provide reference data needed in identifying the diversity of elephant food plants, especially in the studies with faecal samples. This study aims to provide anatomical data of Sumatran elephant feed plants. The observed samples consisted of leaf samples from 24 species and stem samples from four species. Samples were prepared for microscopic paradermal section using the wholemount method. The results showed that rectangular epidermal cell shapes were found in samples of Poaceae leaves, Cyperaceae leaves and stems, and Arecaceae leaves. Stomata with dumbbell-shaped guard cells were only found in Poaceae leaf samples and Cyperaceae leaf and stem samples. The presence of silica cells and cork cells distinguished the Poaceae samples from Cyperaceae. Other leaf samples had qualitative anatomical characteristics that varied based on anticlinal walls of epidermal cells, type of stomata, and trichomes. Quantitative characterization of epidermal cell size; stomatal size, density, and index; and trichome density are used to complete the species description and distinguish species that have the same qualitative characteristics.

Keywords: epidermis, paradermal leaf section, stomata, trichome, wholemount method

Perilaku Konsumen pada Keputusan Pembelian Tanaman Hias di Jakarta Selatan

Yodfiatfinda Yodfiatfinda — 2024-01-08

This research analyzes consumer behavior and its impact on the purchase decisions of ornamental plants at Taman Anggrek Ragunan, South Jakarta. The Taman Anggrek Ragunan is the largest ornamental center in Jakarta. During the COVID-19 pandemic, demand for ornamental plants at Taman Anggrek Ragunan decreased by 50%. This research aims to determine the characteristics of ornamental plant consumers and analyze consumer behavior and its impact on purchase decisions of ornamental plants at Taman Anggrek Ragunan, South Jakarta. Respondents in this research were ornamental plant consumers who made purchases at Taman Anggrek Ragunan and were selected using a non-purposive sampling technique. The data used in this research comprises primary data and secondary data. For qualitative data, we convert it using a Likert scale to be analyzed quantitatively. The data analysis method uses multiple linear regressions. The results of the research show that the factors that have a significant impact on the decision to purchase ornamental plants at Taman Anggrek Ragunan, South Jakarta, are personal factors and psychological factors, while social factors and cultural factors do not have a significant impact. Personal and cultural factors have more influence on purchasing decisions for male respondents than female respondents. The four variables influence respondents with a high school education level more than undergraduates. Meanwhile, based on income level, the influence of the variable is stronger for respondents with an IDR 4 million or less income.

Keywords: consumer behavior, multiple linear regression, ornamental plants, purchasing decisions

Peranan Probiotik Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 dalam Meningkatkan Ketahanan Tubuh, Performa, dan Kualitas Telur Ayam Komersial

Yodilla Agpretasia — 2024-01-08

Probiotics are microorganisms that are non-pathogenic and beneficial for health when used in certain doses through the mechanism of increasing the function of the small intestine in chickens. This study aims to analyze the effect of adding the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 to feed to improve the body's immune system, production performance, and egg quality in laying hens aged 49‒52 weeks. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment for adding the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 to feed consists of four treatment levels, namely P0 (without probiotics), P1 (feed + 8.1 x 106 cfu/g or 1 g/kg feed), P2 (feed + 2.43 x 107 cfu/g or 3 g/kg feed), and P3 (feed + 4.86 x 107 cfu/g or 6 g/kg feed). The results of the study showed that administering the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 in feed could reduce Escherichia coli bacteria in the small intestine of laying hens. Giving the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum also had a significant effect (P<0.05) on feed consumption and egg yolk color. The addition of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 in feed can increase animal resistance, performance, and quality of chicken eggs. The use of probiotics with a treatment level of 1 g kg-1 feed (8.1 x 106 cfu g-1) showed the best results.

Keywords: heat stress, laying hens, probiotic

Uji Patogenisitas Cendawan Penyebab Penyakit Daun Pada Sengon Di Persemaian Permanen Dramaga Bogor

Muhammad Alam Firmansyah — 2024-02-05

Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen) is a fast-growing tree species, and its wood is readily available because it has been widely cultivated in Indonesia. Efforts to propagate sengon plants are carried out through breeding activities in the nursery. The study aimed to identify the fungus that causes leaf disease on sengon plants and calculate the extent and intensity of attacks by the fungus that causes leaf disease on sengon in the Dramaga Bogor Permanent Nursery. This research consisted of pathogenicity test activities, including field observations, Koch's postulates, and the identification of fungal species. The study used a Completely Randomized Factorial Design. The disease symptoms found around 2 months of sengon leaves at the observation site were leaf fall, leaf spot, and leaf blight. The identified fungus that caused leaf fall was Rhizoctonia sp. The fungus that caused leaf spots was Colletotrichum sp., and the fungus that caused leaf blight was Fusarium sp. Fusarium sp. resulted in the highest percentage of attacks, with a disease incidence of 67% and a disease severity of 57%.

Keywords: characteristics, identification, Koch`s postulates, morphology

Pengelolaan Budi daya Rumput Laut dengan Pendekatan Sosial-Ekonomi dan Ekologi di Pulau Pari

Neksidin Neksidin — 2024-01-08

Seaweed plays an essential role in the people's economy in Pari Island because its cultivation has been the main livelihood for a long time. Currently, seaweed cultivation activities are no longer found, possibly due to tourism activities that directly degrade the cultivation activities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the status of sustainability and determine the strategy of cultivation management in 5 aspects: ecological, social, economic, institutional, and infrastructure. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources related to socio-ecology in Pari Island. The assessment of the level of sustainability in each dimension was carried out using multidimensional scaling analysis, and a fairly sustainable average suitability value was obtained, namely the infrastructure (73.37), institutional (71.24), ecological (62.48), and economics (62.16). Meanwhile, the dimension with a very suitable sustainability value is the social dimension, with a value of 76.33, meaning that it is very suitable. Overall, the sustainability of seaweed cultivation, if viewed from several dimensions, shows the level of suitability of cultivation, both in terms of infrastructure, institutions, ecology, and economics. However, several dimensions, such as economic and ecological dimensions, must still be considered and continue to be encouraged so that sustainability can be achieved in all dimensions.

Keywords: cultivation, management, Pari Island, seaweed, socio-ecology

Optimisasi Waktu Pemanasan Tingkat Kesukaan Kecap Kelapa

Siti Fatima — 2024-01-08

This study aims to optimize the heating length in terms of the sensory properties of sweet soy sauce made from coconut water. This experiment used a Complete Randomized Design consisting of 7 treatment levels, with each combination of treatments repeated 3 times so that the total was 21 treatments. It was concluded that the length of heating affects the color, taste, and viscosity of sweet soy sauce. Panelists favored the 160-minute warm-up time in terms of color, taste, and viscosity. The color favorability score was 5.64 (like), taste was 4.87 (somewhat like), viscosity was 5.61 (like), and aroma was 5.27 (somewhat like).

Keywords: organoleptic, length of heating, sweet soy sauce

Karakter Morfo-agronomi Tanaman Cabai Merah (Capsicum annum L.) Fase Awal Vegetatif pada Kondisi Stres Jenuh Air

Erna Siaga — 2024-01-08

Vegetable cultivation in tropical riparian wetland is currently suboptimal due to unpredictability of water dynamics. Chili pepper is a fruity vegetable that is often cultivated in tropical riparian wetland but is often constrained by conditions of excessive water saturation, such as shallow water tables, waterlogging and submergence in the transition period (dry to rainy season). The aim of this research was to study the morpho-agronomy of varieties of chili peppers under waterlogging stress during the early vegetative stage. A Plot Design was used in this experiment. The main plot consisted of (1) control (field capacity, regularly watering) and (2) waterlogging (simulated by adding water to the growing substrate until a thin layer of water was visible above the substrate surface during four days, followed by a seven-day recovery time during seven days). The subplot consisted of three chili pepper varieties, namely Laris, Romario, and Takanotsume (Japanese variety). Results of this study revealed that waterlogging stress significantly affected root length, number of leaves, total leaf area, chlorophyll content (SPAD), root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight after stress and after recovery time. Meanwhile, chili pepper varieties were only significantly affected the total leaf area and chlorophyll content (SPAD). The total dry weight of Romario and Takanotsume before stress, after stress and after recovery did not significantly increase under waterlogging stress, whereas the total dry weight of Laris was precisely increased, indicating that vegetative growth is continuing. The Laris was categorized as one of chili pepper varieties that had medium tolerance to waterlogging stress at the early vegetative stage.

Keywords: Capsicum annum L., soil plant analyses development, total dry weight, waterlogging

Peningkatan Keterampilan Praktik Pertanian yang Baik Petani Sawit Swadaya di Kabupaten Sambas

Herades Difa Lestari — 2024-01-08

Good oil palm cultivation contributes to the progress of the national economy by earning foreign exchange and income, creating jobs, and increasing welfare. However, independent palm oil farming has low productivity and quality due to limited knowledge and skills of GAP (Good Agriculture Practices). The research aims to formulate improvements in GAP skills, including technical skills, human skills, and conceptual skills, using skills theory and the concept of sustainability. The research method was descriptive-quantitative with Multidimensional Scaling using the Rap-Palm Oil program on 100 respondents in Sambas Regency, one of the centers of independent oil palm smallholders in West Kalimantan. The results showed that conceptual skills through extension activities are prioritized in improving GAP skills. Therefore, counseling methods through demonstration plots, comparative studies, and field schools can be an effort to improve GAP skills for sustainable management of oil palm farming.

Keywords: good agriculture practices, multidimensional scaling, palm oil, skills

Aplikasi Biokanat Guna Memperbaiki Sifat Kimia dan Menanggulangi Kontaminan Merkuri di Tanah Bekas Tambang Emas

Gusmini Gusmini — 2024-01-08

Gold mining is an activity that utilizes natural resources by extracting the economic value of the deposits. Mining activities can produce hazardous pollutants, namely Hg (mercury), which can physically, biologically, or chemically damage soil quality. This study aimed to determine the role of biokanat application on the chemical properties of ex-mining land and to determine the effect of biokanat on reducing Hg levels in Kanagarian Padang Sibusuak, Sijunjung Regency. This study was a field experiment with 3 biokanat treatments (0, 10, and 20 ton/ha) with 3 replicates. The experimental 9 units were allocated based on Randomised Block Design. The data were statistically analyzed using an F-test with a 5% significance level. Then, it was continued using DNMRT if the F_calculated > F_t_abl_e. The results showed that the dose of biokanat 20 ton/ha could increase the soil pH to 6.08, organic-C to 2.4%, P-available to 11.96 ppm, total-N to 0.23%, CEC to 2.58 cmol/kg, the basic cations especially Ca into 3.53 cmol/kg, Mg into 0.37 cmol/kg, K into 0.26 cmol/kg, and Na into 0.29 cmol/kg. Application of biokanat 20 ton/ha reduced the soil mercury (Hg) content to 15.96 ppm.

Keywords: biocanat, mercury, gold mining

Kutu Sisik pada Tanaman Apel di Kecamatan Bumiaji, Kota Batu

Sama' Iradat Tito — 2024-01-08

Scale lice have attacked apple fields in 8 villages in Bumiaji District, Batu City, namely Giripurno, Tulungrejo, Pandanrejo, Sumbergondo, Bulukerto, Punten, Gunungsari, and Bumiaji villages since 2005. Knowledge of the biological aspects of this pest can be done using sticky bands. This is aimed at controlling pests. Determination of sample plants was carried out systematically as many as 18 sample plants on manalagi apple (Malus sylvestris). The sample plants were apple plants that were attacked by scale lice. The type of adhesive treatment was adjusted to the variation of position (east, west, central) and research height (1m and 1.5m). The results obtained were that the pest found was Diaspidiotus perniciosus and the natural enemy found was Encarsia strenua. The part that has the most attacks is the stem/twig. The eastern branch with a height of 1.5 m has a higher even distribution of scale lice than the other parts. The highest dominance index (C) of scale lice of 0.29 was obtained by the middle-adhesive treatment of height 1m or rootstock. The pattern of population distribution based on sticky bands is random and tends to be individualistic.

Keywords: apple plant, diaspididae, scale lice

Variasi Spasial Kepadatan Cacing Kacang di Pantai Toronipa Sulawesi Tenggara

Bahtiar Bahtiar — 2024-01-08

The density of peanut worms is concentrated in the subtidal zone and is closely related to the substrate where they live. This research aims to determine spatial variations in peanut worm density. This research was carried out at Toronipa Beach, Southeast Sulawesi from June 2020 to February 2021. Peanut worms were collected using a hand scoop to a depth of ±10 cm in a 10x10 m² quadrat transect at each station. Data were analyzed using standard formulas and tested using Mann-Whitney and linear regression. The results showed that the highest density of peanut worms was found at station II with a mean value of 12±104 ind/10m² which was significantly different from stations I and III with densities of 9±52 ind/10m² and 7±124 ind/10m² respectively. Five types of seagrass were identified, namely Cymodocea rotundata, Enhalus acoroides, Halodule uninervis, Halophila minor, and Thalassia hemprichii. The number of seagrass species found at stations I, II, and III were 1, 2, and 5, respectively. Peanut worm density was positively correlated with seagrass density with a coefficient of determination of 86.45%. Water quality tends to be the same at all stations, except that organic matter is higher than at stations I and II. The dominant fine sand fraction was found at stations I and III, while very coarse sand was dominantly found at station II. The density of peanut worms on Toronipa Beach is determined by a combination of seagrass density, high levels of organic matter, and the dominant texture of the coarse sand substrate.

Keywords: peanut worm, spatial density, Sulawesi, water quality

Kemampuan Kapang Dark Septate Endophyte dari Akar Tanaman Aren dalam Menghambat Ganoderma sp.

Dalia Sukmawati — 2024-01-08

Ganoderma is a fungal pathogen that can cause rot disease at the base of plant stems. This disease threatens oil palm production, especially in Southeast Asia. Trichoderma sp. fungi can control Basal Stem Rot disease in Ganoderma boninense but are ineffective. One solution that can be done to inhibit the growth of Ganoderma sp. is by using Dark Septate Endophyte (DSE) fungi. Research on DSE isolated from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.) has not been widely studied. The sugar palm plant is related to the oil palm plant in the Arecaceae family. This study aims to analyze the potential of DSE fungi from the roots of the sugar palm plant in inhibiting the pathogenic fungi Ganoderma sp. The stages of this research were isolation and purification of DSE fungi from sugar palm roots, DSE antagonists against Ganoderma sp., and DSE volatile compounds against Ganoderma sp. The results of isolation and purification showed that there were 18 DSE isolates grouped based on morphological similarities in the form of DSE fungi colony colors, where there were ten fungi isolates representing ten different colony colors, namely, isolate A.3.1 (1); A.3.2 (2); A.4.1 (2); A.4.1 (3); A.4.2; A.5.2; A.5.3; A.6.1(a); A.6.2(a); A.6.4(a). A total of 8 fungi isolates were tested for antagonists and volatile compound testing on Ganoderma sp. The results of the antagonist test showed that DSE A4.1(2) had the highest percentage of inhibition with a value of 36.12%, and isolated A6.2 had the highest percentage of inhibition and the lowest with a value of 15.65%. The testing results for volatile compounds showed that the isolate of DSE A4.2 had the highest percentage of inhibition against Ganoderma sp. at 18.25%. In comparison, the lowest inhibition percentage was obtained from DSE A5.2 fungi isolate with a value of 0.43%.

Keywords: dark septate endophyte, ganoderma, sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr.)

Rhizophagus intraradices dan Trichoderma asperellum sebagai Bioprotektan dan Biofertilizer pada Bawang Merah TSS

Puti Maharani — 2024-01-11

True shallot seed (TSS) is one of the alternative potential technologies to solve the availability of seed quality on shallot in Indonesia. Another problem in shallot production is infection by purple blotch and twisted disease. This research evaluated the potency of Rhizophagus intraradices and Trichoderma asperellum as bioprotectants and biofertilizer. T. asperellum was mixed in the soil before seedling transplanting, and R. intraradices was applied around the seedling roots at transplanting. The observed parameters were the shallot growth (the plant height, number of leaves, and length of root), plant health (disease incidence and intensity), and bulb resistance to Fusarium solani. The result showed that R. intraradices and T. asperellum increased the resistance of onion bulbs to the pathogen F. solani in the postharvest period, indicated by R. intraradices treatment that had an infection area of 21.99 mm², followed by T. asperellum treatment 26.63 mm², and control of 37.66 mm².

Keywords: Rhizophagus intraradices, Trichoderma asperellum, true shallot seed

Perbaikan Retensi Air dengan Aplikasi Bahan Organik pada Pertanaman Sorgum

Nurmi Nurmi — 2024-02-05

This study aimed to determine the role of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Mart.) organic matter on water retention at pF 2.54 and pF 4.2, available water content, and bulk density (BD). The research method used was a factorial randomized block design. The first factor was the sorghum variety, which consisted of 2 levels, namely, V1 (variety) and V2 (Kawali). The second factor was the dose of water hyacinth organic matter, which consisted of 5 levels, namely P0 (without the application of water hyacinth organic matter), P1 (10 tons.ha^-1), P2 (20 tons.ha^-1), P3 (30 tons.ha^-1), and P4 (40 tons.ha^-1). Water retention was measured at pF 2.54 and pF 4.2 using a pressure plate apparatus and pressure membrane apparatus, respectively, and BD was measured using the ring method. The results showed that the treatment of organic matter application and varieties had a significant effect on water retention at pF 2.54, available water content, and BD with the best treatment of 40 tons of organic matter application and Kawali variety, but not affecting water retention at pF 4.2. There was no interaction between water hyacinth organic matter and sorghum varieties to improve water retention and BD. The highest water retention at pF 2.54 was 32.24% (P4), and the highest available water content was 11.67% (P4) but not significantly different from P3 (11.55%); the lowest BD was 1.11 g.cm^-3 (P4) but not significantly different from P3 (1.13 g.cm^-3). A very strong positive linear and negative linear correlation exists between available water content and BD with plant height, panicle length, and sorghum yield.

Keywords: bulk density, water hyacinth, water content, water retention, sorghum

Land Suitability for Pepper in Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia

Diah Puspita Hati — 2024-02-05

Pepper is one of the local commodities developed in Indonesia and has become an export commodity. Improving the productivity of pepper can be done through sustainable land management based on the characteristics of soils and their potential. Therefore, land suitability evaluation is needed to maximize land potential and minimize inhibiting factors for pepper plant growth. This study evaluated the characteristics, potential, and distribution of suitable land for pepper plant development in Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Land suitability was evaluated by matching land characteristics with land suitability criteria for pepper plants. This criterion consists of four classes, namely highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), and not suitable (N). The soil's climate and physical and chemical properties were the land characteristics data used. Potential land availability was arranged based on land suitability classes by considering existing land use and forest area status. Soil types in Tanggamus Regency are Inceptisols, Entisols, Alfisols, Andisols, Oxisols, and Ultisols, with the most extensive distribution of soil types being Oxisol (Typic Hapludox). The distribution of relief in Tanggamus Regency is dominated by mountainous areas with very steep slopes (slope >40%). Land suitability classes are moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), and not suitable (N) with limiting factors, namely drainage, texture, soil pH, and erosion hazard/slope. Improvement can be made by planting according to contours, planting cover crops, applying lime and organic matter, and ensuring balanced fertilization. The development of pepper plants in Tanggamus Regency can be achieved through diversification and extensification, with a total area of potential land that can be developed of 73,995 ha.

Keywords: land potential, land evaluation, limiting factor, pepper, soil characteristics

Meta-analysis of Physicochemical Characteristics in Beekeeping, Wild, and Stingless Bee Honey

Jordi Aditiya Prameswara — 2024-02-05

The two most extensively beekeeping honeybee species were Apis mellifera and A. cerana. Other species that produced honey, albeit with infrequent cultivation, include A. dorsata, A. florea, and some stingless bees, including Trigona and Melipona. Different types of honeybees were known to affect the quality of honey. Hence, this investigation aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to examine the similarities in honey quality between honey sourced from beekeeping and wild honeybees. Data analysis was performed using the OpenMEE software, facilitating the calculation of effect size and standard error. The effect size and common error data were subsequently organized into separate columns within a CSV file. This CSV file was then imported into the JASP 0.16.2 software to conduct heterogeneity and Egger tests to detect potential publication bias. The findings indicated significant disparities in the quality of honey produced by beekeeping, wild, and stingless bee honey, as determined by various parameters, including pH value, moisture, total sugar, acidity, HMF (hydroxymethylfurfural), and diastase enzyme levels (p < 0.05). According to the results of the meta-analysis, honey from beekeeping exhibited superior quality to that of wild and stingless bees. However, the average values of all parameters still adhered to the established honey quality standards set by the Standar Nasional Indonesia and the International Honey Standard (IHS).

Keywords: honey, honeybees, meta-analysis, physicochemical quality