Pertumbuhan Batang Bawah Karet pada Beberapa Komposisi Media Tanam dalam Root Trainer

  • Junaidi Junaidi Balai Penelitian Sungei Putih, Pusat Penelitian Karet, Galang, Deli Serdang, Po. Box 1415 Medan 20001 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2294-040X
  • Atminingsih Atminingsih Balai Penelitian Sungei Putih, Pusat Penelitian Karet, Galang, Deli Serdang, Po. Box 1415 Medan 20001
  • Eka Boby Febrianto Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pertanian Agrobisnis Perkebunan (STIPAP) Medan, Jl. Williem Iskandar, Medan Estate, Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara 20226
  • Rina Maharany Maharany Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pertanian Agrobisnis Perkebunan (STIPAP) Medan, Jl. Williem Iskandar, Medan Estate, Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara 20226

Abstract

The rubber tree rootstock nursery using the root trainer method is aimed to promote root growth through the use of non-soil growing media in a special container. This technology offers the advantages of a shortened breeding process, good rooting, and ease of delivery. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the planting media composition of oil palm bunches compost, manure, rice husk, solid decanter, and Trichoderma viride on the growth of rubber rootstock under the root trainer method. The research was carried out in the greenhouse of the Sungei Putih Research Center, Indonesian Rubber Research Institute, Deli Serdang, North Sumatra in January-May 2019. The observation included plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, dry weight, and root length, and successful grafting percentage. The results indicated that the mixture of oil palm bunches compost, solid decanter, and Trichoderma viride (Te treatment) was the most potential to be developed as a planting media for rubber rootstock nursery under root trainer system. At 18 weeks after planting, the Te treatment had an average height of 82.66 + 14.27 cm with an increment rate of 3.25 + 0.81 cm/week, number of leaves 11.33 + 3.21 leaves with the increment of 0.52 + 0.20 leaves/week, stem diameter 5.29 + 0.73 mm with an increase of 0.33 + 0.05 mm/week. The Te treatment had a length and root weight of 41.97 + 2.40 cm and 1.68 + 0.77 g, respectively, with the grafting successfulness percentage of 47.37%. Besides showing good growth, these materials are also available in large and continuous quantities. The use of Trichoderma viride not only for increasing plant growth but also as a biocontrol of white root disease.

 

Keywords: growth, growing media, Hevea brasiliensis, rootstock, root trainer

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ardika R, Herlinawati E. 2014. Alternatif penyediaan bahan tanam karet dengan sistem root trainer. Warta Perkaretan, 33(2): 73–78. https://doi.org/ 10.22302/ppk.wp.v33i2.52

Ardika R, Sanchez PB, Badayos RB, Cruz PCS. 2017. Growth of PB 260 clone (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Muell-Arg.) in different potting media and fertilization scheme. Agrivita. 39(2): 182–191. https://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v39i2.956

Bashir A, Qaisar KN, Khan MA, Majeed M. 2009. Benefit-cost analysis of raising Pinus wallichiana seedlings in different capacities/sizes of root trainers in the nursery. Forestry Studies in China, 11(2): 118–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11632-009-0020-7

Boerhendhy I. 2009. Penglolaan biji karet untuk bibit. Warta Penelitian Dan Pengembahan Pertanian, 31(5): 6–9.

Boerhendy I, Agustina DS, Setiono. 2012. Paket teknologi karet untuk mempersingkat masa tanaman belum menghasilkan kurang dari empat tahun. Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Karet, Yogyakarta 1920 September 2012, 269–278. Yogyakarta (ID).

Budiyanto F. 2018. Pengaruh tandan kosong kelapa sawit sebagai media tumbuh jamur terhadap produksi dan sifat fisik jamur merang (Volvariella volvacea). Jurnal Agroindustri. 8(1): 80–96. https:// doi.org/10.31186/jagroindustri.8.1.80-96

Deslauriers A, Giovannelli A, Rossi S, Castro G, Fragnelli G, Traversi L. 2009. Intra-annual cambial activity and carbon availability in stem of poplar. Tree Physiology. 29: 1223–1235. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpp061

Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. (2018). Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia 2017–2019: Kelapa Sawit. In Kementerian Pertanian. Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan, Kementerian Pertanian. Jakarta (ID).

Fairuzah Z, Dalimunthe CI, Karyudi K, Suryaman S, Widhayati WE. 2014. Keefektifan beberapa fungi antagonis (Tricoderma sp.) dalam biofungisida Endohevea terhadap penyakit jamur akar putih (Rigidoporus microporus) di lapangan. Jurnal Penelitian Karet. 32(2): 122–128. https:// doi.org/10.22302/jpk.v32i2.158

Feng A, Lingxue K, Lidan G, Zhenhui W, Weifu L. 2011. Involvement of rootstocks and their hydraulic conductance in the drought resistance of grafted rubber trees. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10(51): 10393–10404. https://doi.org/10.5897/ AJB11.354

George S, Idicula SP, Soman TA, Syamala VK. 2013. Field performance of polybag and root trainer rubber plants at different stages of growth. Rubber Science. 26(2): 197–203.

Harahap AS, Sarman, Rinaldi. 2018. Respons pertumbuhan bibit karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) satu payung klon PB 260 terhadap pemberian decanter solid pada media tanah bekas tambang batu bara di polybag. Agroecotania. 1(1): 33–42.

Heryana N, Saefudin S, Sobari I. 2014. Pengaruh umur batang bawah terhadap persentase keberhasilan okulasi hijau pada tiga klon karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Agr.). Jurnal Tanaman Industri Dan Penyegar. 1(2): 95. https://doi.org/10.21082/ jtidp.v1n2.2014.p95-100

Junaidi. 2018. Peluang dan tantangan penerapan teknologi root trainer untuk penyediaan bahan tanam karet berdasarkan S-W-O-T analysis. Warta Penelitian Dan Pengembahan Tanaman Industri2. 24(3): 6–9.

Junaidi, Atminingsih, Siagian N. 2014. Pengaruh jenis mata entres dan klon terhadap keberhasilan okulasi dan pertumbuhan tunas pada okulasi hijau di polibeg. Jurnal Penelitian Karet. 32(1): 21–30. https://doi.org/10.22302/jpk.v32i1.146

Kumar GNM. 2011. Propagation of Plants by Grafting and Budding. A Pacific Northwest Extension Publication, PNW496.

Lestari EB. 2016. Pengaruh kombinasi pupuk kandang sapi dan abu sabut kelapa sebagai pupuk utama dalam budidaya tanaman brokoli (Brassica oleracia L.). Planta Tropika. 4(2): 95–100. https://doi.org/ 10.18196/pt.2016.061.95-100

Loekito, H. (2002). Teknologi pengelolaan limbah industri kelapa sawit. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, 3(3), 242–250.

Maryam A, Susila AD, Kartika JG. 2015. Pengaruh jenis pupuk organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil panen tanaman sayuran di dalam Nethouse. Jurnal Agronomi Dan Hortikultura 3(2): 263–275.

Maryani AT. 2018. Efek pemberian decanter solid terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) dengan media tanah bekas lahan tambang batu bara di pembibitan utama. Caraka Tani, 33(1): 50–56. https://doi.org/10.20961/ carakatani.v33i1.19310

Nascimento ESP, do Oliveira CR, de Gonçalves P, de S, Costa RB, da Moreno RMB, Mattoso LHC, Ferreira AG. 2011. Effect of rootstock on the scion of Hevea brasiliensis through metabolic analysis of latex samples by 1H NMR. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology. S1: 82–88. https:// doi.org/10.1590/S1984-70332011000500012

Nayanakantha NMC, Hettiarachchi NN, Seneviratne P, Wathugala DL. 2015. Exogenous nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside enhanced growth attributes of polibagged rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seedlings. Tropical Agricultural Research & Extension. 18(3): 134–141.

Pudjiono S, Adinugraha HA. 2013. Pengaruh klon dan waktu okulasi terhadap pertumbuhan dan persentase hidup okulasi jati (Tectona grandis). Wana Benih. 14(3): 103–108.

Purwantisari S, Priyatmojo A, Sancayaningsih RP, Kasiamdari RS, Budihardjo K. 2018. Systemic inducing resistance against late blight by applying antagonist Trichoderma viride. IOP Conference Series: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1025(1): 012053. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1025/1/012053

Putra MFD, Maghfoer MD, Koesriharti. 2017. Pengaruh jenis pupuk kandang dan dosis pupuk NPK pada hasil tanaman krisan (Chrysanthemum sp.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman. 5(4): 670–676.

Putra RC, Widyasari T, Achmad SR. 2018. Pengaruh pupuk organik briket gambut rawa pening terhadap pertumbuhan batang bawah tanaman karet dalam root trainer. Jurnal Penelitian Karet. 36(2): 127–136. https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.jpk.v36i2.599

Rashid M, Rasool M, Lal SB, Masoodi L, Mehboob S. 2018. Effect of root trainers size on quality of seedling production of Jatropha carcus. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 7(1): 1551–1554.

Rohaeni N. 2017. Pemanfaatan berbagai limbah padat pabrik kelapa sawit terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman terung gelatik (Solanum Melongena L.). Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu. 5(2): 46–57. https:// doi.org/10.36084/jpt..v5i2.126

Salisu MA, Daud WN, Halim RA, Sulaiman Z. 2016. Effect of soilless media on growth and some physiological traits of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seedlings. International Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Plantation. 3: 95–100.

Saputra J, Stevanus CT. 2019. Aplikasi kompos tandan kosong kelapa sawit pada tanaman karet menghasilkan. Warta Perkaretan. 38(1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.22302/ppk.wp.v1i1.587

Sariningtias NW, Poerwanto R, Gunawan E. 2014. Penggunaan Benzil Amino Purin (BAP) pada okulasi jeruk keprok (Citrus reticulata). Jurnal Hortukultura Indonesia. 5(3): 158–167.

Setiadi D, Noertjahyani, Suparman. 2018. Perbedaan kualitas dan vase life bunga krisan akibat aplikasi macam pupuk organik dengan variasi jarak tanam. Jurnal Kultivasi. 17(1): 587–595.

Setyawan B, Pawirosoemardjo S, Hadi H. 2013. Biofungisida Triko Combi sebagai salah satu pengendali jamur akar putih pada tanaman karet. Warta Perkaretan. 32(2): 83–94. https://doi.org/ 10.22302/ppk.wp.v32i2.40

Shah MM, Afiya H. 2019. Introductory chapter: identification and isolation of Trichoderma spp.-Their significance in agriculture, human health, industrial and environmental application. In Trichoderma-The Most Widely Used Fungicide (pp. 1–12). InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/57353

Siagian N, Bukit E. 2015. Komparasi teknis dan finansial pengadaan benih melalui okulasi tanaman di polibeg dengan okulasi di lapangan. Warta Perkaretan. 34(2): 115–126. https://doi.org/ 10.22302/ppk.wp.v34i2.253

Spicer R, Groover A. 2010. Evolution of development of vascular cambia and secondary growth. New Phytologist. 186(3): 577–592. https://doi.org/10. 1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03236.x

Sudarsono W, Melati M, Aziz S. 2013. Pertumbuhan, serapan hara dan hasil kedelai organik melalui aplikasi pupuk kandang sapi. Indonesian Journal of Agronomy. 41(3): 202–208. https://doi.org/ 10.24831/jai.v41i3.8097

Susilawati, Supijatno. 2015. Pengelolaan limbah kelapa sawit (Elaeis quineensis Jacq.) di perkebunan kelapa sawit, Riau. Buletin Agrohorti. 3(2): 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1145/3132847. 3132886

Topolovec-Pintaric S, Zutic I, Dermic E. 2013. Enhanced growth of cabbage and red beet by Trichoderma viride. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica. 101(1): 87–92. https://doi.org/10.2478/acas-2013-0010

Udayakumara EPN, Seneviratne P. 2005. Position of the bud on the bud stick on success of bud graft and growth Hevea brasiliensis (Muel Arg). The Journal of Agricultural Science. 1(1): 31–40.

Waghunde RR, Shelake RM, Sabalpara AN. 2016. Trichoderma: A significant fungus for agriculture and environment. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 11(22): 1952–1965. https://doi.org/ 10.5897/AJAR2015.10584

Wang L, Ruan YL. 2016. Shoot–root carbon allocation, sugar signalling and their coupling with nitrogen uptake and assimilation. Functional Plant Biology, 43(2): 105. https://doi.org/10.1071/FP15249

Wattanasilakorn S, Sdoodee S, Nualsri C, Chuenchit, S. 2012. Screening of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) rootstocks for the white root disease resistance. Journal of Agricultural Technology. 8(7): 2385–2395.

Wattanasilakorn S, Sdoodee S, Nualsri C, Chuenchit S, Meesawat U, Sopharat J. 2017. Assessment of rubber clonal rootstocks for the tolerance of white root disease (Rigidoporus microporus) in Southern Thailand. Walailak Journal of Science and Technology. 14(7): 549–561. https://doi.org/ 10.14456/vol14iss9pp

Yuan K, Ding X, Yang LF, Wang ZH, Lin WF, Cao JH. 2011. Proteome analysis of interaction between rootstocks and scions in Hevea brasiliensis. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10(66): 14816–14825.

Yulia EY, Istifadah N, Widiantini F, Utami HS. 2017. Antagonisme Trichoderma spp. terhadap jamur Rigidoporus lignosus (Klotzsch) Imazeki dan penekanan penyakit jamur akar putih pada tanaman karet. Agrikultura. 28(1): 47–55. https://doi.org/ 10.24198/agrikultura.v28i1.13226

Zegeye ED, Santhanam A, Gorfu D, Kassa B. 2011. Biocontrol activity of Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens against Phytophthora infestans under greenhouse conditions. Journal of Agricultural Technology. 7(6): 1589–1602.

Published
2021-01-29
How to Cite
JunaidiJ., AtminingsihA., FebriantoE. B., & MaharanyR. M. (2021). Pertumbuhan Batang Bawah Karet pada Beberapa Komposisi Media Tanam dalam Root Trainer. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 26(1), 69-77. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.26.1.69